Immunotoxin Therapy for Lung Cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Xie LY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5339936 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Immunotoxin Therapy for Lung Cancer.
Xie Li-Yi LY Piao Hai-Lan HL Fan Min M Zhang Zhen Z Wang Chen C Bigner Darell D DD Bao Xu-Hui XH
Chinese medical journal 20170301 5
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Project description:BackgroundMesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed at a high level on many malignancies, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, serous ovarian cancer, and epithelioid mesothelioma. MSLN-targeted recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) consist of an anti-MSLN Fv fused to the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Recent data has also shown that MSLN is expressed at clinically relevant levels on the surface of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, CRC cell lines were tested for MSLN expression and susceptibility to MSLN-targeted RITs.Materials and methodsCRC cell lines were tested for membranous MSLN expression via flow cytometry. Cell lines expressing MSLN were tested by WST-8 cell viability assay for sensitivity to various RITs and chemotherapeutic agents. CRC cell line SW-48 was tested in a mouse model for response to RIT as a single agent or in combination with actinomycin D and oxaliplatin.ResultsCRC cell lines were susceptible to anti-MSLN RITs at half maximal inhibitory concentration levels comparable with those previously described in pancreatic cancer cell lines. In a nude mouse model, MSLN-targeted RIT treatment of SW48 CRC tumors resulted in a significant decrease in tumor volume. Although combination therapy with standard of care chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin did not improve tumor regressions, combination therapy with actinomycin D resulted in > 90% tumor volume reduction with 50% complete regressions.ConclusionsThese data support the development of anti-MSLN RITs as well as other MSLN-targeted therapies for CRC.
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Project description:The emergence of targeted cancer therapy has been limited by the paucity of determinants which are tumor-specific and generally associated with disease, and have cell dynamics which effectively deploy cytotoxic payloads. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) may be ideal for targeting because it is normally expressed only in insulated barrier compartments, including intestine and brain, but over-expressed by systemic metastatic colorectal tumors. Here, we reveal that GUCY2C rapidly internalizes from the cell surface to lysosomes in intestinal and colorectal cancer cells. Endocytosis is independent of ligand binding and receptor activation, and is mediated by clathrin. This mechanism suggests a design for immunotoxins comprising a GUCY2C-directed monoclonal antibody conjugated through a reducible disulfide linkage to ricin A chain, which is activated to a potent cytotoxin in lysosomes. Indeed, this immunotoxin specifically killed GUCY2C-expressing colorectal cancer cells in a lysosomal- and clathrin-dependent fashion. Moreover, this immunotoxin reduced pulmonary tumors>80% (p<0.001), and improved survival 25% (p<0.001), in mice with established colorectal cancer metastases. Further, therapeutic efficacy was achieved without histologic evidence of toxicity in normal tissues. These observations support GUCY2C-targeted immunotoxins as novel therapeutics for metastatic tumors originating in the GI tract, including colorectum, stomach, esophagus, and pancreas.
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Project description:Immunotoxins are a novel class of antibody-conjugated therapeutics currently in clinical development for a variety of malignancies. They consist of an antibody-based targeting domain fused to a bacterial toxin payload for cell killing. Immunotoxins kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, a unique mechanism of action that is toxic to both dividing and nondividing cells. Recent advances in the design and administration of immunotoxins are overcoming historical challenges in the field, leading to renewed interest in these therapeutics.
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Project description:Purpose: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a dominant antigen in human colon carcinoma tissue. Topology features of this antigen are different in normal and malignant conditions; for instance, EpCAM is much less accessible to antibodies in normal cells than in cancerous tissues. Hence, EpCAM has been considered as a suitable candidate for cancer target therapy via immunotoxins (ITs) development. In this study, attention was focused on the stability assessment of anti-EpCAM-IT (anti-Ep-IT) to design a novel IT. Methods: The 3D structures of the antibody template and the toxin segment of anti-Ep-IT were retrieved from PDB. Discovery Studio3.0 was used to separate the ligands and water molecules. The antibody (Ab) fragment of anti-Ep-IT was aligned using protein blast (BLAST-p), and SWISS-MODEL database was used for Ab modeling. IT modeling was accomplished using MODELLER 9.15. Also, GROMACS 5.07 was used for molecular dynamic (MD) simulation step. Moreover, ERRAT and RAMPAGE databases were used for quality assessment of the structures. Results: BLAST-p results indicated that antibody moiety of IT has the highest E-value and query coverage scores to the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4D5MOC-B. Modeling by SWISS-MODEL provided a reasonable template for Ab portion compared to MODELLER. The best modeled full-length IT with the lowest RMSD values was selected. Finally, RMSD plot for MD stage demonstrated constant values from 7000ps to 20000ps. Conclusion: In general, both modeling results and their quality evaluations were satisfactory for designing IT. Moreover, RMSD plot revealed that IT stability was preserved during the simulation. Overall, our findings led to modeling and simulation of the anti-Ep-IT with more structural stability.
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