Dataset Information

Dual-energy fluorescent x-ray computed tomography system with a pinhole design: Use of K-edge discontinuity for scatter correction.

ABSTRACT: We propose a pinhole-based fluorescent x-ray computed tomography (p-FXCT) system with a 2-D detector and volumetric beam that can suppress the quality deterioration caused by scatter components. In the corresponding p-FXCT technique, projections are acquired at individual incident energies just above and below the K-edge of the imaged trace element; then, reconstruction is performed based on the two sets of projections using a maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm that incorporates the scatter components. We constructed a p-FXCT imaging system and performed a preliminary experiment using a physical phantom and an I imaging agent. The proposed dual-energy p-FXCT improved the contrast-to-noise ratio by a factor of more than 2.5 compared to that attainable using mono-energetic p-FXCT for a 0.3 mg/ml I solution. We also imaged an excised rat's liver infused with a Ba contrast agent to demonstrate the feasibility of imaging a biological sample.

SUBMITTER: Sasaya T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5341157 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dual-energy fluorescent x-ray computed tomography system with a pinhole design: Use of K-edge discontinuity for scatter correction.

Sasaya Tenta T Sunaguchi Naoki N Thet-Lwin Thet- T Hyodo Kazuyuki K Zeniya Tsutomu T Takeda Tohoru T Yuasa Tetsuya T

Scientific reports 20170308

We propose a pinhole-based fluorescent x-ray computed tomography (p-FXCT) system with a 2-D detector and volumetric beam that can suppress the quality deterioration caused by scatter components. In the corresponding p-FXCT technique, projections are acquired at individual incident energies just above and below the K-edge of the imaged trace element; then, reconstruction is performed based on the two sets of projections using a maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm that incorporat ...[more]

PMID: 28272496

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Project description:PURPOSE:Scatter is a major factor degrading the image quality of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Conventional scatter correction strategies require handcrafted analytical models with ad hoc assumptions, which often leads to less accurate scatter removal. This study aims to develop an effective scatter correction method using a residual convolutional neural network (CNN). METHODS:A U-net based 25-layer CNN was constructed for CBCT scatter correction. The establishment of the model consists of three steps: model training, validation, and testing. For model training, a total of 1800 pairs of x-ray projection and the corresponding scatter-only distribution in nonanthropomorphic phantoms taken in full-fan scan were generated using Monte Carlo simulation of a CBCT scanner installed with a proton therapy system. An end-to-end CNN training was implemented with two major loss functions for 100 epochs with a mini-batch size of 10. Image rotations and flips were randomly applied to augment the training datasets during training. For validation, 200 projections of a digital head phantom were collected. The proposed CNN-based method was compared to a conventional projection-domain scatter correction method named fast adaptive scatter kernel superposition (fASKS) method using 360 projections of an anthropomorphic head phantom. Two different loss functions were applied for the same CNN to evaluate the impact of loss functions on the final results. Furthermore, the CNN model trained with full-fan projections was fine-tuned for scatter correction in half-fan scan by using transfer learning with additional 360 half-fan projection pairs of nonanthropomorphic phantoms. The tuned-CNN model for half-fan scan was compared with the fASKS method as well as the CNN-based method without the fine-tuning using additional lung phantom projections. RESULTS:The CNN-based method provides projections with significantly reduced scatter and CBCT images with more accurate Hounsfield Units (HUs) than that of the fASKS-based method. Root mean squared error of the CNN-corrected projections was improved to 0.0862 compared to 0.278 for uncorrected projections or 0.117 for the fASKS-corrected projections. The CNN-corrected reconstruction provided better HU quantification, especially in regions near the air or bone interfaces. All four image quality measures, which include mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM), indicated that the CNN-corrected images were significantly better than that of the fASKS-corrected images. Moreover, the proposed transfer learning technique made it possible for the CNN model trained with full-fan projections to be applicable to remove scatters in half-fan projections after fine-tuning with only a small number of additional half-fan training datasets. SSIM value of the tuned-CNN-corrected images was 0.9993 compared to 0.9984 for the non-tuned-CNN-corrected images or 0.9990 for the fASKS-corrected images. Finally, the CNN-based method is computationally efficient - the correction time for the 360 projections only took less than 5 s in the reported experiments on a PC (4.20 GHz Intel Core-i7 CPU) with a single NVIDIA GTX 1070 GPU. CONCLUSIONS:The proposed deep learning-based method provides an effective tool for CBCT scatter correction and holds significant value for quantitative imaging and image-guided radiation therapy.

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Dataset Information

Dual-energy fluorescent x-ray computed tomography system with a pinhole design: Use of K-edge discontinuity for scatter correction.

Publications

Dual-energy fluorescent x-ray computed tomography system with a pinhole design: Use of K-edge discontinuity for scatter correction.

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