Natural biology and management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose of review

This article reviews the natural biology of noninvasive bladder cancer and its management strategies while summarizing the most recent advances in the field.

Recent findings

Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a tendency to recur and progress. Risk stratification has helped triage patients but improved tools, including biomarkers, are still needed. Enhanced endoscopy with photodynamic imaging, narrow band imaging, optical coherence tomography and confocal laser endomicroscopy show promise for diagnosis, risk stratification and disease monitoring. Attempts at better treatment, especially in refractory high-risk cases, include the addition of intravesical hyperthermia, combination and sequential therapy with existing agents and the use of novel agen

SUBMITTER: Scarpato KR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5390683 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature