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Effect of alkaline preswelling on the structure of lignins from Eucalyptus.

ABSTRACT: A clear elucidation of structural feature of whole lignin in plant cell wall is of great importance for understanding lignin biosynthesis mechanism and developing lignin based chemicals or materials under the current biorefinery scenario. Swollen residual enzyme lignin (SREL) has been identified as an ideal representative for native lignin in the plant walls. To investigate the influence of preswelling conditions on the structural features, the SREL obtained through preswelling the ball-milled Eucalyptus wood powder in 2, 4 and 8% NaOH solutions and subsequent in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis were thoroughly characterized. A cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) was also prepared as a comparison. The quantitative NMR analyses indicated that the relative contents of β-O-4' linkages in SRELs were higher than that in CEL. The lignin structure tended to undergo more destruction with the elevated NaOH concentration. A relatively low NaOH concentration (2% in this study), which could be applied to effectively remove hemicelluloses and transform cellulose structure from cellulose I to cellulose II, was competent to prepare SREL as an ideal representative for the protolignin. An optimization of SREL preparation was essential for a better understanding of the whole protolignin.

SUBMITTER: Chen WJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5411976 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of alkaline preswelling on the structure of lignins from Eucalyptus.

Chen Wei-Jing WJ Yang Sheng S Zhang Yun Y Wang Yun-Yan YY Yuan Tong-Qi TQ Sun Run-Cang RC

Scientific reports 20170502

A clear elucidation of structural feature of whole lignin in plant cell wall is of great importance for understanding lignin biosynthesis mechanism and developing lignin based chemicals or materials under the current biorefinery scenario. Swollen residual enzyme lignin (SREL) has been identified as an ideal representative for native lignin in the plant walls. To investigate the influence of preswelling conditions on the structural features, the SREL obtained through preswelling the ball-milled E ...[more]

PMID: 28462935

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Project description:BackgroundBesides few data concerning the antiseptic properties against a range of microbial agents and the anti-inflammatory potential both in vitro and in vivo, little is known about the influence of Eucalyptus oil (EO) extract on the monocytic/macrophagic system, one of the primary cellular effectors of the immune response against pathogen attacks. The activities of this natural extract have mainly been recognized through clinical experience, but there have been relatively little scientific studies on its biological actions. Here we investigated whether EO extract is able to affect the phagocytic ability of human monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro and of rat peripheral blood monocytes/granulocytes in vivo in absence or in presence of immuno-suppression induced by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).MethodsMorphological activation of human MDMs was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Phagocytic activity was tested: i) in vitro in EO treated and untreated MDMs, by confocal microscopy after fluorescent beads administration; ii) in vivo in monocytes/granulocytes from peripheral blood of immuno-competent or 5-FU immuno-suppressed rats, after EO oral administration, by flow cytometry using fluorescein-labelled E. coli. Cytokine release by MDMs was determined using the BD Cytometric Bead Array human Th1/Th2 cytokine kit.ResultsEO is able to induce activation of MDMs, dramatically stimulating their phagocytic response. EO-stimulated internalization is coupled to low release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and requires integrity of the microtubule network, suggesting that EO may act by means of complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Implementation of innate cell-mediated immune response was also observed in vivo after EO administration, mainly involving the peripheral blood monocytes/granulocytes. The 5-FU/EO combined treatment inhibited the 5-FU induced myelotoxicity and raised the phagocytic activity of the granulocytic/monocytic system, significantly decreased by the chemotherapic.ConclusionOur data, demonstrating that Eucalyptus oil extract is able to implement the innate cell-mediated immune response, provide scientific support for an additional use of this plant extract, besides those concerning its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties and stimulate further investigations also using single components of this essential oil. This might drive development of a possible new family of immuno-regulatory agents, useful as adjuvant in immuno-suppressive pathologies, in infectious disease and after tumour chemotherapy.

Dataset Information

Effect of alkaline preswelling on the structure of lignins from Eucalyptus.

Publications

Effect of alkaline preswelling on the structure of lignins from Eucalyptus.

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