Dataset Information

Sex hormones and the risk of keratinocyte cancers among women in the United States: A population-based case-control study.

ABSTRACT: Men are at a higher risk of developing both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) than women, but there is emerging evidence that women may be experiencing greater increases in the incidence rates of these malignancies than men. One possible explanation is the expanding use of sex steroids among women, although only a few studies have examined this hypothesis. As part of a population-based, case-control study of women in New Hampshire, USA, we sought to evaluate the risk of SCC, BCC, and early-onset BCC in relation to exogenous and endogenous sex hormones. We found that oral contraceptive (OC) use was associated with an increased risk of SCC (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8) and BCC (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-1.8), particularly high estrogen dose (>50 mg) OC use. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use also related to SCC, with an elevated OR largely for progestin use (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8). Additionally, both OC use and combination HRT use were associated with more aggressive BCC subtypes. In contrast, menstrual and reproductive history did not appear to influence keratinocyte cancer risk in our data. Our findings provide evidence that use of sex steroids may enhance risk of keratinocyte cancer.

SUBMITTER: Kuklinski LF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5425096 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sex hormones and the risk of keratinocyte cancers among women in the United States: A population-based case-control study.

Kuklinski Lawrence F LF Zens Michael S MS Perry Ann E AE Gossai Anala A Nelson Heather H HH Karagas Margaret R MR

International journal of cancer 20160415 2

Men are at a higher risk of developing both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) than women, but there is emerging evidence that women may be experiencing greater increases in the incidence rates of these malignancies than men. One possible explanation is the expanding use of sex steroids among women, although only a few studies have examined this hypothesis. As part of a population-based, case-control study of women in New Hampshire, USA, we sought to evaluate the risk o ...[more]

PMID: 26941014

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Project description:Background: Elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk is present with several immune-related conditions, e.g., solid organ transplantation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because many immune-related conditions are rare, their relationships with keratinocyte carcinoma have not been studied.Methods: We used Medicare claims to identify cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases in 2012, and controls matched on sex and age. All subjects were aged 65 to 95 years, of white race, and had attended ≥1 dermatologist visit in 2010-2011. Immune-related conditions were identified during 1999-2011 using Medicare claims. Associations were estimated with logistic regression, with statistical significance determined after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.Results: We included 258,683 SCC and 304,903 BCC cases. Of 47 immune-related conditions, 21 and 9 were associated with increased SCC and BCC risk, respectively. We identified strongly elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk with solid organ transplantation (SCC OR = 5.35; BCC OR = 1.94) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SCC OR = 1.62; BCC OR = 1.25). We identified associations with common conditions, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis [SCC OR = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-1.09] and Crohn's disease (SCC OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.27-1.39; BCC OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.05-1.15), and rare or poorly characterized conditions, e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis (SCC OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.61-2.19), autoimmune hepatitis (SCC OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.52-2.16), and deficiency of humoral immunity (SCC OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.41-1.61; BCC OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.14-1.31). Most conditions were more positively associated with SCC than BCC. Associations were generally consistent regardless of prior keratinocyte carcinoma history.Conclusions: Many immune-related conditions are associated with elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk and appear more tightly linked to SCC.Impact: Immunosuppression or immunosuppressive treatment may increase keratinocyte carcinoma risk, particularly SCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 998-1007. ©2017 AACR.

Project description:IntroductionTo investigate the occurrence of previous cancer diagnoses in women suffering from premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and compare it with the general population, shedding light on the association between cancer, cancer treatments, and POI.Material and methodsWe conducted a nationwide case-control study based on registry data from various sources, including the Social Insurance Institution, Finnish Population Information System, and Finnish Cancer Registry spanning from 1953 to 2018. Our participants comprised all women in Finland who, between 1988 and 2017, received hormone replacement therapy reimbursement for ovarian insufficiency before the age of 40 years (n = 5221). Controls, matched in terms of age and municipality of residence, were selected from the Finnish Population Information System (n = 20 822). Our main exposure variable was a history of cancer diagnosis preceding the diagnosis of POI. We analyzed odds ratios (OR) to compare the prevalence of previous cancers in women with POI with that in controls, stratifying results based on cancer type, age at cancer diagnosis, and the time interval between cancer diagnosis and POI. We also assessed changes in OR for previous cancer diagnoses over the follow-up period.ResultsOut of the women diagnosed with POI, 21.9% had previously been diagnosed with cancer, resulting in an elevated OR of 36.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.9 to 43.3) compared with 0.8% of the controls. The risk of developing POI was most pronounced during the first 2 years following a cancer diagnosis, with an OR of 103 (95% CI 74.1 to 144). Importantly, this risk remained elevated even when the time interval between cancer and POI exceeded 10 years, with an OR of 5.40 (95% CI 3.54 to 8.23).ConclusionsThis study reveals that 21.9% of women with POI have a history of cancer, making the prevalence of cancer among these women 27.5 times higher than age-matched controls in the Finnish population. The risk of developing POI is most substantial in the first 2 years following a cancer diagnosis. These findings underscore the role of cancer treatments as an etiological factor for POI and emphasize the importance of recognizing the risk of POI in cancer survivors for early diagnosis and intervention.

Project description:Objectives: This study used multilevel social determinants of health (SDoH) models to determine how SDoH influence different sexes of patients diagnosed with HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) across the US. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study assessing HPV-confirmed patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers from 2010 to 2018 using census-level Yost Index socioeconomic status (SES) score and rurality-urbanicity measures alongside individual-level race-ethnicity while stratifying by biological sex. Age-adjusted multivariate regressions were performed for survival, treatment receipt, and delay of treatment initiation (of 3+ months). Results: Across 14,076 OPSCC-HPV-positive patients, delay of treatment uniquely featured positive predictors for males of black race-ethnicity (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.68-2.54) and poor Yost SES (1.43; 1.24-1.65). Five-year all-cause mortality uniquely showed positive predictors of females of black race-ethnicity (2.74; 1.84-4.71) and of males with poor Yost SES (1.98; 1.79-2.19). Three-year all-cause mortality shared positive predictors across sexes but were exacerbated in females of black race-ethnicity (2.50; 1.82-3.44) compared to males (2.23; 1.91-2.60); this was reversed for poor Yost SES (male, 1.92, 1.76-2.10; female, 1.60, 1.32-1.95). Surgery showed negative predictors of black race-ethnicity that displayed worsened effects in females (0.60, 0.44-0.79) versus males (0.75, 0.66-0.86). First-line radiation receipt uniquely featured negative predictors for males of black race-ethnicity (0.73; 0.62-0.86) with poor Yost SES (0.74; 0.68-0.82). Conclusions: Comprehensive models of multilevel SDoH displayed exacerbated disparity effects of community-level SES in males and black race-ethnicity among female HPV-positive OPSCC patients. These objective comparisons of specific SDoH factors inform providers and policy direction on how to strategically target the most pertinent SDoH factors affecting a rapidly growing cancer population.

Dataset Information

Sex hormones and the risk of keratinocyte cancers among women in the United States: A population-based case-control study.

Publications

Sex hormones and the risk of keratinocyte cancers among women in the United States: A population-based case-control study.

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