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Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats.

ABSTRACT: High-fat diets have been associated with overweight/obesity and increased mortality in middle-aged populations. However, it is still unclear how gut microbiota in middle-aged populations responds to dietary fats at a normal dose. In this study, we explored gut microbiota structure in middle-aged rats (aged 12 months) after feeding 4% (w/w) soybean oil, lard or fish oil for 3 months, respectively. The results showed that the gut microbiota structure in the fish oil group was substantially different from those of the soybean oil and lard groups in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria and genus Desulfovibrio in the caecal and colonic contents were the highest in the fish oil group (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of biomarkers for inflammation in the colon, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α, were also the highest in the fish oil group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the fish oil group had the highest microbial DNA abundance of a predicted lipid metabolism. Our results gave a new insight into the potentially negative impact of fish oil diet on health of middle-aged populations by changing gut microbiota and inducing inflammation as compared to soybean oil and lard diets.

SUBMITTER: Li H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5429820 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats.

Li He H Zhu Yingying Y Zhao Fan F Song Shangxin S Li Yingqiu Y Xu Xinglian X Zhou Guanghong G Li Chunbao C

Scientific reports 20170411 1

High-fat diets have been associated with overweight/obesity and increased mortality in middle-aged populations. However, it is still unclear how gut microbiota in middle-aged populations responds to dietary fats at a normal dose. In this study, we explored gut microbiota structure in middle-aged rats (aged 12 months) after feeding 4% (w/w) soybean oil, lard or fish oil for 3 months, respectively. The results showed that the gut microbiota structure in the fish oil group was substantially differe ...[more]

PMID: 28400577

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Project description:BackgroundPreterm infants frequently experience intermittent hypoxia (IH) episodes, rendering them susceptible to oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis. We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with antioxidants and/or fish oil promotes gut biodiversity and mitigates IH-induced gut injury.MethodsNewborn rats were exposed to neonatal IH from birth (P0) to P14 during which they received daily oral supplementation with: (1) coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in olive oil, (2) fish oil, (3) glutathione nanoparticles (nGSH), (4) CoQ10 + fish oil, or (5) olive oil (placebo control). Pups were placed in room air (RA) from P14 to P21 with no further treatment. RA controls were similarly treated. Stool samples were assessed for microbiota and terminal ileum for histopathology and morphometry, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and biomarkers of gut injury.ResultsNeonatal IH induced histopathologic changes consistent with necrotizing enterocolitis, which were associated with increased lipid peroxidation, toll-like receptor, transforming growth factor, and nuclear factor kappa B. Combination of CoQ10 + fish oil and nGSH were most effective for preserving gut integrity, reducing biomarkers of gut injury, and increasing commensal organisms.ConclusionsCombination of antioxidants and fish oil may confer synergistic benefits to mitigate IH-induced injury in the terminal ileum.ImpactAntioxidant and fish oil (PUFA) co-treatment was most beneficial for reducing neonatal IH-induced gut injury. The synergistic effects of antioxidant and fish oil is likely due to prevention of IH-induced ROS attack on lipids, thus preserving and augmenting its therapeutic benefits. Combination treatment was also effective for increasing the abundance of the non-pathogenic Firmicutes phylum, which is associated with a healthy gastrointestinal system of the newborn. Extremely low gestational age neonates who are at high risk for frequent, repetitive neonatal IH and oxidative stress-induced diseases may benefit from this combination therapy.

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Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats.

Publications

Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats.

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