Precision Medicine for Tobacco Dependence: Development and Validation of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio.

ABSTRACT: Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, yet there is a high rate of relapse amongst smokers who try to quit. Phenotypic biomarkers have the potential to improve smoking cessation outcomes by identifying the best available treatment for an individual smoker. In this review, we introduce the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) as a reliable and stable phenotypic measure of nicotine metabolism that can guide smoking cessation treatment among smokers who wish to quit. We address how the NMR accounts for sources of variation in nicotine metabolism including genotype and other biological and environmental factors such as estrogen levels, alcohol use, body mass index, or menthol exposure. Then, we highlight clinical trials that validate the NMR as a

SUBMITTER: Allenby CE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5479354 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature