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Brilliant X-rays using a Two-Stage Plasma Insertion Device.

ABSTRACT: Particle accelerators have made an enormous impact in all fields of natural sciences, from elementary particle physics, to the imaging of proteins and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Modern light sources have advanced many fields by providing extraordinarily bright, short X-ray pulses. Here we present a novel numerical study, demonstrating that existing third generation light sources can significantly enhance the brightness and photon energy of their X-ray pulses by undulating their beams within plasma wakefields. This study shows that a three order of magnitude increase in X-ray brightness and over an order of magnitude increase in X-ray photon energy is achieved by passing a 3?GeV electron beam through a two-stage plasma insertion device. The production mechanism micro-bunches the electron beam and ensures the pulses are radially polarised on creation. We also demonstrate that the micro-bunched electron beam is itself an effective wakefield driver that can potentially accelerate a witness electron beam up to 6?GeV.

SUBMITTER: Holloway JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5479796 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Brilliant X-rays using a Two-Stage Plasma Insertion Device.

Holloway J A JA Norreys P A PA Thomas A G R AGR Bartolini R R Bingham R R Nydell J J Trines R M G M RMGM Walker R R Wing M M

Scientific reports 20170621 1

Particle accelerators have made an enormous impact in all fields of natural sciences, from elementary particle physics, to the imaging of proteins and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Modern light sources have advanced many fields by providing extraordinarily bright, short X-ray pulses. Here we present a novel numerical study, demonstrating that existing third generation light sources can significantly enhance the brightness and photon energy of their X-ray pulses by undulating their beam ...[more]

PMID: 28638099

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Project description:BackgroundBlood-based disease staging across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum holds the promise to identify individuals that profit from disease-modifying therapies. We set out to identify Braak V+ (Braak V and/or VI) tau PET-positive individuals within amyloid-β (Aβ)-positive individuals using plasma biomarkers.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed 289 individuals from the TRIAD cohort and 306 individuals from the WRAP study across the AD continuum. The participants were evaluated by amyloid-PET with [18F]AZD4694 or [11C]PiB and tau-PET with [18F]MK6240 and measured plasma levels included total tau, phospho-tau isoforms (pTau) pTau-181, pTau-217, pTau-231, and N-terminal tau (NTA-tau). We evaluated the performances of plasma biomarkers using different analytic platforms to predict Braak V+ positivity in Aβ+ individuals.FindingsHighest associations with Braak V+ tau positivity in Aβ+ individuals were found for plasma pTau-217+Janssen (AUC [CI95%] = 0.97 [0.94, 1.0]) and ALZpath pTau-217 (AUC [CI95%] = 0.93 [0.86, 1.0]) in TRIAD. Plasma ALZpath pTau-217 separated Braak V+ tau PET-positive individuals in the WRAP longitudinal study (AUC [CI95%] = 0.97 [0.94, 1.0]).InterpretationThus, we demonstrate that using adjusted cut-offs, plasma pTau-217 identifies individuals with later Braak stage tau accumulation which will be helpful to stratify patients for treatments and clinical studies.FundingThis research is supported by the Weston Brain Institute, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP-11-51-31; RFN 152985, 159815, 162303], Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration and Aging (CCNA; MOP-11-51-31 -team 1), the Alzheimer's Association [NIRG-12-92090, NIRP-12-259245], Brain Canada Foundation (CFI Project 34874; 33397), the Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé (FRQS; Chercheur Boursier, 2020-VICO-279314). P.R-N and SG are members of the CIHR-CCNA Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration in Aging. Colin J. Adair Charitable Foundation.

Dataset Information

Brilliant X-rays using a Two-Stage Plasma Insertion Device.

Publications

Brilliant X-rays using a Two-Stage Plasma Insertion Device.

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