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Degradation of metaldehyde in water by nanoparticle catalysts and powdered activated carbon.

ABSTRACT: Metaldehyde, an organic pesticide widely used in the UK, has been detected in drinking water in the UK with a low concentration (<1 ?g L-1) which is still above the European and UK standard requirements. This paper investigates the efficiency of four materials: powdered activated carbon (PAC) and carbon-doped titanium dioxide nanocatalyst with different concentrations of carbon (C-1.5, C-40, and C-80) for metaldehyde removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption and oxidation via photocatalysis. PAC was found to be the most effective material which showed almost over 90% removal. Adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, giving a q m (maximum/saturation adsorption capacity) value of 32.258 mg g-1 and a K L (Langmuir constant) value of 2.013 L mg-1. In terms of kinetic study, adsorption of metaldehyde by PAC fitted well with a pseudo-second-order equation, giving the adsorption rate constant k 2 value of 0.023 g mg-1 min-1, implying rapid adsorption. The nanocatalysts were much less effective in oxidising metaldehyde than PAC with the same metaldehyde concentration and 0.2 g L-1 loading concentration of materials under UV light; the maximum removal achieved by carbon-doped titanium dioxide (C-1.5) nanocatalyst was around 15% for a 7.5 ppm metaldehyde solution. Graphical abstract ?.

SUBMITTER: Li Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5533860 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Degradation of metaldehyde in water by nanoparticle catalysts and powdered activated carbon.

Li Zhuojun Z Kim Jong Kyu JK Chaudhari Vrushali V Mayadevi Suseeladevi S Campos Luiza C LC

Environmental science and pollution research international 20170614 21

Metaldehyde, an organic pesticide widely used in the UK, has been detected in drinking water in the UK with a low concentration (<1 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) which is still above the European and UK standard requirements. This paper investigates the efficiency of four materials: powdered activated carbon (PAC) and carbon-doped titanium dioxide nanocatalyst with different concentrations of carbon (C-1.5, C-40, and C-80) for metaldehyde removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption and oxidation via photo ...[more]

PMID: 28612314

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Project description:Sol immobilization is used to produce bimetallic catalysts with higher activity to monometallic counterparts for a wide range of environmental and commercial catalytic transformations. Analysis of complementary surface characterization (XPS, Boehm's titration, and zeta potential measurements) was used to elucidate alterations in the surface functionality of two activated carbon supports during acid exposure. When considered in parallel to the experimentally determined electrostatic and conformational changes of the polymer surrounding the nanoparticles, an electrostatic model is proposed describing polymer protected nanoparticle deposition with several polymer-carbon support examples described. Consideration of the electrostatic interactions ensures full deposition of the polymer protected nanoparticles and at the same time influences the structure of the bimetallic nanoparticle immobilized on the support. The normalized activity of AuPd catalysts prepared with 133 ppm H2SO4 has a much higher activity for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide compared to catalysts prepared in the absence of acid. Detailed characterization by XPS indicates that the surface becomes enriched in Au in the Au-Pd samples prepared with acid, suggesting an improved dispersion of smaller bimetallic nanoparticles, rich in Au, that are known to be highly active for the direct synthesis reaction. Subsequent microscopy measurements confirmed this hypothesis, with the acid addition catalysts having a mean particle size ∼2 nm smaller than the zero acid counterparts. The addition of acid did not result in a morphology change, and random alloyed bimetallic AuPd nanoparticles were observed in catalysts prepared by sol immobilization in the presence and absence of acid. This work shows that the deposition of polymer protected AuPd nanoparticles onto activated carbon is heavily influenced by the acid addition step in the sol immobilization process. The physicochemical properties of both the polymer and the activated carbon support should be considered when designing a bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst by sol immobilization to ensure the optimum performance of the final catalyst.

Dataset Information

Degradation of metaldehyde in water by nanoparticle catalysts and powdered activated carbon.

Publications

Degradation of metaldehyde in water by nanoparticle catalysts and powdered activated carbon.

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