Challenges and opportunities in targeting the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in transplantation and autoimmunity.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

T cell activation is a complex process that requires multiple cell signaling pathways, including a primary recognition signal and additional costimulatory signals. One of the best-characterized costimulatory pathways includes the Ig superfamily members CD28 and CTLA-4 and their ligands CD80 and CD86. Areas covered: This review discusses past, current and future biological therapies that have been utilized to block the CD28/CTLA-4 cosignaling pathway in the settings of autoimmunity and transplantation, as well the challenges facing successful implementation of these therapies. Expert opinion: The development of CD28 blockers Abatacept and Belatacept provided a more targeted therapy approach for transplant rejection and autoimmune disease relative to calcineurin inhibito

SUBMITTER: Crepeau RL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5590720 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature