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Characterization of tonsillar IL10 secreting B cells and their role in the pathophysiology of tonsillar hypertrophy.

ABSTRACT: The comprehension of unconventional immune functions of tonsillar B cells, their role in tolerance induction and protective immune responses, is crucial to unveil the dynamic interactions of the upper aero digestive tract with polymicrobial commensal flora and pathogens, in health and disease. Here, we describe the kinetics of IL10 intracellular expression and compare it with that of cytokines known to be produced by tonsillar B cells. Additionally, we detected a relevant proportion of IL17-expressing tonsillar B cells, which has not previously been reported. We immunophenotyped tonsillar IL10-expressing B cells (B10) and observed IL10 production in activated B cells at every developmental stage. Finally, we identified a relationship between decreased B10 percentages, increased proportion of the germinal centre (GC) population and hypertrophied tonsils (HT). Our findings provide greater insight into the role of B10 in GC reactions and characterized their involvement in the pathogenesis of tonsillar dysfunction.

SUBMITTER: Sarmiento Varon L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5593840 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of tonsillar IL10 secreting B cells and their role in the pathophysiology of tonsillar hypertrophy.

Sarmiento Varon Lindybeth L De Rosa Javier J Machicote Andrés A Billordo Luis Ariel LA Baz Plácida P Fernández Pablo Mariano PM Kaimen Maciel Isabel I Blanco Andrés A Arana Eloísa I EI

Scientific reports 20170911 1

The comprehension of unconventional immune functions of tonsillar B cells, their role in tolerance induction and protective immune responses, is crucial to unveil the dynamic interactions of the upper aero digestive tract with polymicrobial commensal flora and pathogens, in health and disease. Here, we describe the kinetics of IL10 intracellular expression and compare it with that of cytokines known to be produced by tonsillar B cells. Additionally, we detected a relevant proportion of IL17-expr ...[more]

PMID: 28894116

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Project description:Chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) are common tonsillar diseases that are related to infection and inflammation. Little is known about tonsillar microbiota and its role in CT and TH. This study aims to identify palatine tonsillar microbiota both on the surface and in the core tissues of CT and TH patients. In total, 22 palatine tonsils were removed and collected from CT and TH patients who underwent surgery. The surface and core microbiota in the tonsils of CT and TH patients were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 regions. Differential tonsillar microbiotas were found in the CT versus TH patients and surface versus core tissues. Further, a higher relative abundance of bacterial genera, including Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Kingella, Moraxella, and Lachnospiraceae [G-2] in patients with TH and Dialister, Parvimonas, Bacteroidales [G-2], Aggregatibacter, and Atopobium in patients with CT, was observed. Of these, the differential genera of Dialister, Parvimonas, and Neisseria served as key factors in the tonsillar microbiota network. Notably, four representable tonsillar microbial types were identified, with one, consisting of a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, exclusively detected in the TH patients. This study analyzed the different tonsillar microbiota from the surface and core tissues of CT and TH patients. Several bacteria and various microbial types related to CT and TH were identified, along with potential bacterial networks and related immune pathways.IMPORTANCE The human microbiota has been shown to be functionally connected to infectious and inflammation-related diseases. So far, only limited studies had been performed on tonsillar microbiota, although tonsils play an essential role in the human immune defense system and encountered numerous microorganisms. Our work presented different tonsillar microbiota from surface and core tissues of chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) patients. Notably, one tonsillar microbiota type, which contains a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, was only detected in the TH patients. Furthermore, certain bacteria, such as Haemophilus, Neisseria, Dialister, and Parvimonas, may serve as microbial biomarkers to discriminate CT patients from TH patients. These data provide important microbiota data in the tonsillar research area and are highly useful for researchers both in the oral microbiome field and clinical field.

Project description:Children diagnosed with severe tonsillar hypertrophy display discernible craniofacial features distinct from those with adenoid hypertrophy, prompting illuminating considerations regarding microbiota regulation in this non-inflammatory condition. The present study aimed to characterize the salivary microbial profile in children with tonsillar hypertrophy and explore the potential functionality therein. A total of 112 children, with a mean age of 7.79 ± 2.41 years, were enrolled and divided into the tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) group (n = 46, 8.4 ± 2.5 years old), adenoid hypertrophy (AH) group (n = 21, 7.6 ± 2.8 years old), adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) group (n = 23, 7.2 ± 2.1 years old), and control group (n = 22, 8.6 ± 2.1 years old). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and microbial profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing of V3-V4 regions. Diversity and composition of salivary microbiome and the correlation with parameters of overnight polysomnography and complete blood count were investigated. As a result, children with tonsillar hypertrophy had significantly higher α-diversity indices (P＜0.05). β-diversity based on Bray-Curtis distance revealed that the salivary microbiome of the tonsillar hypertrophy group had a slight separation from the other three groups (P＜0.05). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicated that Gemella was most closely related to tonsillar hypertrophy, and higher abundance of Gemella, Parvimonas, Dialister, and Lactobacillus may reflect an active state of immune regulation. Meanwhile, children with different degrees of tonsillar hypertrophy shared similar salivary microbiome diversity. This study demonstrated that the salivary microbiome in pediatric tonsillar hypertrophy patients had different signatures, highlighting that the site of upper airway obstruction primarily influences the salivary microbiome rather than hypertrophy severity.IMPORTANCETonsillar hypertrophy is the most frequent cause of upper airway obstruction and one of the primary risk factors for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies have discovered that children with isolated tonsillar hypertrophy exhibit different craniofacial morphology features compared with those with isolated adenoid hypertrophy or adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Furthermore, characteristic salivary microbiota from children with OSA compared with healthy children has been identified in our previous research. However, few studies provided insight into the relationship between the different sites of upper airway obstruction resulting from the enlargement of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue at different sites and the alterations in the microbiome. Here, to investigate the differences in the salivary microbiome of children with tonsillar hypertrophy and/or adenoid hypertrophy, we conducted a cross-sectional study and depicted the unique microbiome profile of pediatric tonsillar hypertrophy, which was mainly characterized by a significantly higher abundance of genera belonging to phyla Firmicutes and certain bacteria involving in the immune response in tonsillar hypertrophy, offering novel perspectives for future related research.

Dataset Information

Characterization of tonsillar IL10 secreting B cells and their role in the pathophysiology of tonsillar hypertrophy.

Publications

Characterization of tonsillar IL10 secreting B cells and their role in the pathophysiology of tonsillar hypertrophy.

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