Repeated and diverse losses of corolla bilateral symmetry in the Lamiaceae.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

Independent evolution of derived complex characters provides a unique opportunity to assess whether and how similar genetic changes correlate with morphological convergence. Bilaterally symmetrical corollas have evolved multiple times independently from radially symmetrical ancestors and likely represent adaptations to attract specific pollinators. On the other hand, losses of bilateral corolla symmetry have occurred sporadically in various groups, due to either modification of bilaterally symmetrical corollas in late development or early establishment of radial symmetry.

Methods

This study integrated phylogenetic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based morphological, and gene expression approaches to assess the possible mechanisms underlying independen

SUBMITTER: Zhong J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5604593 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature