Comparison of diglycolic acid exposure to human proximal tubule cells in vitro and rat kidneys in vivo.

ABSTRACT: Diglycolic acid (DGA) is present in trace amounts in our food supply and is classified as an indirect food additive linked with the primary GRAS food additive carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Carboxymethyl starches are used as a filler/binder excipient in dietary supplement tablets and a thickening ingredient in many other processed foods. We sought to utilize the human proximal tubule HK-2 cell line as an in vitro cellular model system to evaluate its acute nephrotoxicity of DGA. We found that DGA was indeed toxic to HK-2 cells in all in vitro assays in our study, including a highly sensitive Luminex assay that measures levels of an in vitro biomarker of kidney-specific toxicity, Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1). Interestingly, in vitro KIM-1 levels also correlat

SUBMITTER: Mossoba ME 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5615145 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature