Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Few studies have evaluated the presence of multiple nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, we examined cross-sectional associations between individual and multiple NMS and PD in the Agricultural Health Study.

Methods

20,473 male farmers and 16,259 female spouses provided information on six NMS (reduced sense of smell, dream-enacting behavior, daytime sleepiness, infrequent bowel movement, depression, and anxiety) in the cohort's 2013-2015 follow-up survey. 191 men and 68 women reported physician-diagnosed PD. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable logistic regression models separately by sex.

Results

NMS were each associated with PD, with the strongest association for reduced

SUBMITTER: Shrestha S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5617219 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature