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FiloQuant reveals increased filopodia density during breast cancer progression.

ABSTRACT: Defective filopodia formation is linked to pathologies such as cancer, wherein actively protruding filopodia, at the invasive front, accompany cancer cell dissemination. Despite wide biological significance, delineating filopodia function in complex systems remains challenging and is particularly hindered by lack of compatible methods to quantify filopodia properties. Here, we present FiloQuant, a freely available ImageJ plugin, to detect filopodia-like protrusions in both fixed- and live-cell microscopy data. We demonstrate that FiloQuant can extract quantifiable information, including protrusion dynamics, density, and length, from multiple cell types and in a range of microenvironments. In cellular models of breast ductal carcinoma in situ, we reveal a link between filopodia formation at the cell-matrix interface, in collectively invading cells and 3D tumor spheroids, and the in vitro invasive capacity of the carcinoma. Finally, using intravital microscopy, we observe that tumor spheroids display filopodia in vivo, supporting a potential role for these protrusions during tumorigenesis.

SUBMITTER: Jacquemet G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5626550 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be deregulated in human breast cancer (BC). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the expression of miRNAs in different stages of BC to assess their biological value in BC progression. MiRNA expression was assessed in a series of BC patients (n=7) with distinct stages of tumour progression (Normal, in-situ (DCIS), primary invasive BC and nodal metastases) to evaluate miRNA differential expression. We used an Agilent miRNA microarray based platform which uses miRBase 16 to screen for 1205 Homo sapiens (hsa) and 144 human viral miRNA candidates. To validate the microarray data, the expression of two deregulated miRNAs was measured by TaqMan quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This study was conducted Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) specimens from 7 female patients. Twenty M-NM-<m thick FFPE sections were cut and mounted on PALM Membrane Slides. Under direct microscopic visualization, tissues of interest were micro-dissected using PALM non-contact Laser catapulsion instrument (P.A.L.M. Microlaser Technologies, Carl Zeiss Ltd). Total RNA, including miRNAs, was extracted with the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, supplied by Fisher Scientific UK Ltd) according to the manufacturerM-bM-^@M-^Ys instructions. Total RNA was quantified with Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Kit (Fisher Scientific UK Ltd), which is an accurate method of measuring total RNA with a detection limit of 0.001-1ng/M-BM-5l. RNA purity and RNA integrity number (RIN) were determined on an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and RNA 6000 NanoLabChip Kits (both Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA), and the RIN of all the samples was >2 but <3. This is expected for FFPE breast samples and is acceptable by Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA, for FFPE samples to undergo miRNA microarray analysis. MiRNAs extracted from laser microdissected tissue components were profiled using Agilent microRNA microarray profiling system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA). Total RNA samples were spiked using the MicroRNA Spike-In Kit (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) to evaluate efficiencies of labelling and hybridisation. Total RNA was treated with Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (CIP), and then 100 ng of total RNA was used per sample to initiate a labelling reaction. Ligation master mix for T4 RNA ligase, which includes Cyanine 3-Cytidine biphosphate (Cyanine 3-pCp) (Complete miRNA Labelling and Hyb Kit, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) was used to label the dephosphorylated RNA. Cyanine-3-labelled miRNA samples were hybridised to human miRNA microarrays (Release 16.0, 8x60K) (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) at 55M-BM-0C for 20 hrs. Microarray slides were washed with increasing stringency (Gene Expression Wash Buffers, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara), and subsequently dried with acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA). Fluorescent signal intensities were detected on an Agilent Microarray Scanner (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) using the Scan Control A.8.4.1 Software (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) and extracted from the images with the Feature Extraction 10.7.3.1 Software (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA).

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FiloQuant reveals increased filopodia density during breast cancer progression.

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