Dataset Information

The depleted mineralization of the fungicide chlorothalonil derived from loss in soil microbial diversity.

ABSTRACT: There are lack of studies regarding the effects of microbial diversity on specific soil functions, such as pesticides degradation. This study evaluated the role of bacterial community diversity and biochar on chlorothalonil (CTN) degradation, using 'dilution to extinction' approach, PCR-DGGE/16S rRNA gene technique, and radiorespirometry (14C-CTN). Biochar and microbial community dilution affected structure of the microbial community. In spite of that, CTN mineralization was slow, but dissipation was very fast (D50 < 1.0 d) due to immediate chemical degradation and formation of non-extractable (bound) residues. However, any depletion on soil microbial diversity strongly affected CTN mineralization, suggesting that this function is related to less abundant but specific microbial groups (CTN degraders) or to soil microbial diversity. The extent of these effects will strongly depend on the compound nature (recalcitrance) and soil matrix/substrate (bioavailability). It can be corroborated by the fact that biochar affected CTN sorption, its bioavailability, and subsequently its mineralization rate in the NS. These data indicate a strong relationship between soil microbial diversity and pesticide degradation, which is an acting form to mitigate xenobiotics accumulation in the environment.

SUBMITTER: de Souza AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5676787 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The depleted mineralization of the fungicide chlorothalonil derived from loss in soil microbial diversity.

de Souza Adijailton Jose AJ de Andrade Pedro Avelino Maia PAM de Araújo Pereira Arthur Prudêncio AP Andreote Fernando Dini FD Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz VL Regitano Jussara Borges JB

Scientific reports 20171107 1

There are lack of studies regarding the effects of microbial diversity on specific soil functions, such as pesticides degradation. This study evaluated the role of bacterial community diversity and biochar on chlorothalonil (CTN) degradation, using 'dilution to extinction' approach, PCR-DGGE/16S rRNA gene technique, and radiorespirometry (<sup>14</sup>C-CTN). Biochar and microbial community dilution affected structure of the microbial community. In spite of that, CTN mineralization was slow, but ...[more]

PMID: 29116120

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Project description:BackgroundContaminants have been implicated in declines of amphibians, a taxon with vital systems similar to those of humans. However, many chemicals have not been thoroughly tested on amphibians or do not directly kill them.ObjectiveOur goal in this study was to quantify amphibian responses to chlorothalonil, the most commonly used synthetic fungicide in the United States.MethodsWe reared Rana sphenocephala (southern leopard frog) and Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban treefrog) in outdoor mesocosms with or without 1 time (1×) and 2 times (2×) the expected environmental concentration (EEC) of chlorothalonil (~ 164 μg/L). We also conducted two dose-response experiments on O. septentrionalis, Hyla squirella (squirrel treefrog), Hyla cinerea (green treefrog), and R. sphenocephala and evaluated the effects of chlorothalonil on the stress hormone corticosterone.ResultsFor both species in the mesocosm experiment, the 1× and 2× EEC treatments were associated with > 87% and 100% mortality, respectively. In the laboratory experiments, the approximate EEC caused 100% mortality of all species within 24 hr; 82 μg/L killed 100% of R. sphenocephala, and 0.0164 μg/L caused significant tadpole mortality of R. sphenocephala and H. cinerea. Three species showed a nonmonotonic dose response, with low and high concentrations causing significantly greater mortality than did intermediate concentrations or control treatments. For O. septentrionalis, corticosterone exhibited a similar nonmonotonic dose response and chlorothalonil concentration was inversely associated with liver tissue and immune cell densities (< 16.4 μg/L).ConclusionsChlorothalonil killed nearly every amphibian at the approximate EEC; at concentrations to which humans are commonly exposed, it increased mortality and was associated with elevated corticosterone levels and changes in immune cells. Future studies should directly quantify the effects of chlorothalonil on amphibian populations and human health.

Dataset Information

The depleted mineralization of the fungicide chlorothalonil derived from loss in soil microbial diversity.

Publications

The depleted mineralization of the fungicide chlorothalonil derived from loss in soil microbial diversity.

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