Observation- and Model-Based Estimates of Particulate Dry Nitrogen Deposition to the Oceans.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Baker AR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5685536 | biostudies-literature | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Observation- and Model-Based Estimates of Particulate Dry Nitrogen Deposition to the Oceans.
Baker Alex R AR Kanakidou Maria M Altieri Katye E KE Daskalakis Nikos N Okin Gregory S GS Myriokefalitakis Stelios S Dentener Frank F Uematsu Mitsuo M Sarin Manmohan M MM Duce Robert A RA Galloway James N JN Keene William C WC Singh Arvind A Zamora Lauren L Lamarque Jean-Francois JF Hsu Shih-Chieh SC Rohekar Shital S SS Prospero Joseph M JM
Atmospheric chemistry and physics 20170705 13
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emissions to the atmosphere have increased significantly the deposition of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) to the surface waters of the open ocean, with potential impacts on marine productivity and the global carbon cycle. Global-scale understanding of the impacts of N deposition to the oceans is reliant on our ability to produce and validate models of nitrogen emission, atmospheric chemistry, transport and deposition. In ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Atmospheric nitrogen (N) dry deposition is an important component in total N deposition. However, uncertainty exists in the assessment of global dry deposition. Here, we develop empirical models for estimating ground N concentrations using NO2 satellite measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and ground measurements from 555 monitoring sites. Global patterns and trends in the fluxes of NO2, HNO3, NH4(+), and NO3(-) were assessed for 2005-2014. Moreover, we estimated global NH3 dry deposition directly using data from 267 monitoring sites. Our results showed that East Asia, the United States, and Europe were important regions of N deposition, and the total annual amount of global inorganic N deposition was 34.26 Tg N. The dry deposition fluxes were low in Africa and South America, but because of their large area, the total amounts in these regions were comparable to those in Europe and North America. In the past decade, the western United States and Eurasia, particularly eastern China, experienced the largest increases in dry deposition, whereas the eastern United States, Western Europe, and Japan experienced clear decreases through control of NOx and NH3 emissions. These findings provide a scientific background for policy-makers and future research into global changes.
| S-EPMC4728405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Earth system and environmental impact studies need high quality and up-to-date estimates of atmospheric deposition. This study demonstrates the methodological benefits of multimodel ensemble and measurement-model fusion mapping approaches for atmospheric deposition focusing on 2010, a year for which several studies were conducted. Global model-only deposition assessment can be further improved by integrating new model-measurement techniques, including expanded capabilities of satellite observations of atmospheric composition. We identify research and implementation priorities for timely estimates of deposition globally as implemented by the World Meteorological Organization.
| S-EPMC8962501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wet and dry deposition remove aerosols from the atmosphere, and these processes control aerosol lifetime and thus impact climate and air quality. Dry deposition is a significant source of aerosol uncertainty in global chemical transport and climate models. Dry deposition parameterizations in most global models were developed when few particle deposition measurements were available. However, new measurement techniques have enabled more size-resolved particle flux observations. We combined literature measurements with data that we collected over a grassland in Oklahoma and a pine forest in Colorado to develop a dry deposition parameterization. We find that relative to observations, previous parameterizations overestimated deposition of the accumulation and Aitken mode particles, and underestimated in the coarse mode. These systematic differences in observed and modeled accumulation mode particle deposition velocities are as large as an order of magnitude over terrestrial ecosystems. As accumulation mode particles form most of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that influence the indirect radiative effect, this model-measurement discrepancy in dry deposition alters modeled CCN and radiative forcing. We present a revised observationally driven parameterization for regional and global aerosol models. Using this revised dry deposition scheme in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemical transport model, we find that global surface accumulation-mode number concentrations increase by 62% and enhance the global combined anthropogenic and natural aerosol indirect effect by -0.63 W m-2 Our observationally constrained approach should reduce the uncertainty of particle dry deposition in global chemical transport models.
| S-EPMC7585004 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Magnitude of atmospheric turbulence, a key driver of several processes that contribute to aerosol (i.e., particle) deposition, is underrepresented in current models. Various formulations have been developed to model particle dry deposition; all these formulations typically rely on friction velocity and some use additional ad hoc factors to represent enhanced impacts of turbulence. However, none were formally linked with the three-dimensional (3-D) turbulence. Here, we propose a set of 3-D turbulence-dependent resistance formulations for particle dry deposition simulation and intercompare the performance of new resistance formulations with that obtained from using the existing formulations and measured dry deposition velocity. Turbulence parameters such as turbulence velocity scale, turbulence factor, intensity of turbulence, effective sedimentation velocity, and effective Stokes number are newly introduced into two different particle deposition schemes to improve turbulence strength representation. For an assumed particle size distribution, the newly proposed schemes predict stronger diurnal variation of particle dry deposition velocity and are comparable to corresponding measurements while existing formulations indicate large underpredictions. We also find that the incorporation of new turbulence parameters either introduced or added stronger diurnal variability to sedimentation velocity and collection efficiencies values, making the new schemes predict higher deposition values during daytime and nighttime when compared to existing schemes. The findings from this research may help improve the capability of dry deposition schemes in regional and global models.
| S-EPMC9762401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Forests are an important biome that covers about one third of the global land surface and provides important ecosystem services. Since atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) can have both beneficial and deleterious effects, it is important to quantify the amount of N deposition to forest ecosystems. Measurements of N deposition to the numerous forest biomes across the globe are scarce, so chemical transport models are often used to provide estimates of atmospheric N inputs to these ecosystems. We provide an overview of approaches used to calculate N deposition in commonly used chemical transport models. The Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP2) study intercompared N deposition values from a number of global chemical transport models. Using a multi-model mean calculated from the HTAP2 deposition values, we map N deposition to global forests to examine spatial variations in total, dry and wet deposition. Highest total N deposition occurs in eastern and southern China, Japan, Eastern U.S. and Europe while the highest dry deposition occurs in tropical forests. The European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) model predicts grid-average deposition, but also produces deposition by land use type allowing us to compare deposition specifically to forests with the grid-average value. We found that, for this study, differences between the grid-average and forest specific could be as much as a factor of two and up to more than a factor of five in extreme cases. This suggests that consideration should be given to using forest-specific deposition for input to ecosystem assessments such as critical loads determinations.
| S-EPMC7050289 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Determination of the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition in excess of the ecosystem critical load (CL) requires an estimate of total deposition. Because the CL exceedance is used to inform policy decisions, uncertainty in both the CL and the exceedance itself must be understood. In this paper we review the state of the science with respect to the sources of uncertainty in total Nr deposition budgets used for CL assessments in North America and put forth recommendations for research and monitoring to improve deposition measurements and models. In the absence of methods to rigorously quantify uncertainty in total Nr deposition, a simple weighted deposition uncertainty metric (WDUM) is introduced as a tool for scientists and decision makers to use in assessing CL exceedances. Maps of the WDUM applied to National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Total Deposition (TDep) estimates show greater uncertainty in areas of the U.S. where dry deposition makes a larger contribution to the deposition budget, particularly ammonia (NH3) in agricultural areas and oxidized nitrogen (NOx) in urban areas. Organic N deposition is an important source of uncertainty over much of the U.S. Our analysis illustrates how the WDUM can be used to assess spatial patterns of deposition uncertainty and inform actions to improve deposition budgets for CL assessments at the local scale.
| S-EPMC7724635 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This report describes the North American Climate Integration and Diagnostics - Nitrogen Deposition Version 1 (NACID-NDEP1) database. The database contains estimates of annual total nitrogen (N) deposition for the purpose of supporting terrestrial ecosystem modelling in North America. It was constructed at 1-km resolution with coverage of Alaska, Canada, and the conterminous U.S., with continuous annual coverage from 1860 to 2013. Estimates were produced by acquiring and compiling best-available data sources: Wet N deposition was estimated from interpolation of monthly ammonium and nitrate concentration measurements and from grids of monthly precipitation. Dry N deposition was estimated from satellite measurements of ammonium and nitrogen oxides. Total N deposition for the pre-industrial era was derived from previous modelling studies. As these source datasets covered different time periods, several assumptions were required to produce a continuous record.
| S-EPMC5767898 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is removed by surface fluxes (air-surface exchange) and wet deposition. The chemistry and physics of the atmosphere result in a complicated system in which competing chemical sources and sinks exist and impact that removal. Therefore, uncertainties are best examined with complete regional chemical transport models that simulate these feedbacks. We analysed several uncertainties in regional air quality model resistance analogue representations of air-surface exchange for unidirectional and bi-directional fluxes and their effect on the continental Nr budget. Model sensitivity tests of key parameters in dry deposition formulations showed that uncertainty estimates of continental total nitrogen deposition are surprisingly small, 5 per cent or less, owing to feedbacks in the chemistry and rebalancing among removal pathways. The largest uncertainties (5%) occur with the change from a unidirectional to a bi-directional NH3 formulation followed by uncertainties in bi-directional compensation points (1-4%) and unidirectional aerodynamic resistance (2%). Uncertainties have a greater effect at the local scale. Between unidirectional and bi-directional formulations, single grid cell changes can be up to 50 per cent, whereas 84 per cent of the cells have changes less than 30 per cent. For uncertainties within either formulation, single grid cell change can be up to 20 per cent, but for 90 per cent of the cells changes are less than 10 per cent.
| S-EPMC3682744 | biostudies-other
Project description:Effect of N deposition in a highly N-limited habitat: deadwood
| PRJEB15650 | ENA
Project description:Size-segregated aerosol particles were collected using a high volume MOUDI sampler at a coastal urban site in Xiamen Bay, China, from March 2018 to June 2020 to examine the seasonal characteristics of aerosol and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and the dry deposition of nitrogen species. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and TSP were 14.8 ± 5.6, 21.1 ± 9.0, 35.4 ± 14.2 μg m-3, and 45.2 ± 21.3 μg m-3, respectively. The seasonal variations of aerosol concentrations were impacted by the monsoon with the lowest value in summer and the higher values in other seasons. For WSIIs, the annual average concentrations were 6.3 ± 3.3, 2.1 ± 1.2, 3.3 ± 1.5, and 1.6 ± 0.8 μg m-3 in PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM>10, respectively. In addition, pronounced seasonal variations of WSIIs in PM1 and PM1-2.5 were observed, with the highest concentration in spring-winter and the lowest in summer. The size distribution showed that SO4 2-, NH4 + and K+ were consistently present in the submicron particles while Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and Cl- mainly accumulated in the size range of 2.5-10 μm, reflecting their different dominant sources. In spring, fall and winter, a bimodal distribution of NO3 - was observed with one peak at 2.5-10 μm and another peak at 0.44-1 μm. In summer, however, the fine mode peak disappeared, likely due to the unfavorable conditions for the formation of NH4NO3. For NH4 + and SO4 2-, their dominant peak at 0.25-0.44 μm in summer and fall shifted to 0.44-1 μm in spring and winter. Although the concentration of NO3-N was lower than NH4-N, the dry deposition flux of NO3-N (35.77 ± 24.49 μmol N m-2 d-1) was much higher than that of NH4-N (10.95 ± 11.89 μmol N m-2 d-1), mainly due to the larger deposition velocities of NO3-N. The contribution of sea-salt particles to the total particulate inorganic N deposition was estimated to be 23.9-52.8%. Dry deposition of particulate inorganic N accounted for 0.95% of other terrestrial N influxes. The annual total N deposition can create a new productivity of 3.55 mgC m-2 d-1, accounting for 1.3-4.7% of the primary productivity in Xiamen Bay. In light of these results, atmospheric N deposition could have a significant influence on biogeochemistry cycle of nutrients with respect to projected increase of anthropogenic emissions from mobile sources in coastal region.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10874-021-09427-8.
| S-EPMC8504562 | biostudies-literature