Smoking and the risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Conflicting evidence exists for observational studies on whether tobacco smoking is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the effects of tobacco smoking on the development of DN.

Materials and methods

We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from their inception to March 31^st, 2017 for cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective cohort studies. We screened reference lists of retrieved articles. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

A total of nineteen observational studies (1 case-control, 8 cross-sectional and 10 prospective cohort studies) were ide

SUBMITTER: Jiang N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5696256 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature