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Absolute lung size and the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population.

ABSTRACT: Breathlessness is associated with major adverse health outcomes and is twice as common in women as men in the general population. We evaluated whether this is related to their lower absolute lung volumes.Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot, including static spirometry and diffusing capacity (n = 1,013; 49% women). Breathlessness was measured using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression adjusting for age, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, chronic airway limitation, asthma, chronic bronchitis, depression and anxiety in all models.Breathlessness was twice as common in women as in men; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-3.66). Lower absolute lung volumes were associated with increased breathlessness prevalence in both men and women. The sex difference in breathlessness was unchanged when adjusting for lung function in %predicted, but disappeared when controlling for absolute values of total lung capacity (OR 1.12; 0.59-2.15), inspiratory capacity (OR 1.26; 0.68-2.35), forced vital capacity (OR 0.84; 0.42-1.66), forced expiratory volume in one second (OR 0.70; 0.36-1.35) or lung diffusing capacity (OR 1.07; 0.58-1.97).In the general population, the markedly higher prevalence of breathlessness in women is related to their smaller absolute lung volumes.

SUBMITTER: Ekstrom M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5755925 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Absolute lung size and the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population.

Ekström Magnus M Sundh Josefin J Schiöler Linus L Lindberg Eva E Rosengren Annika A Bergström Göran G Angerås Oskar O Hedner Jan J Brandberg John J Bake Björn B Torén Kjell K

PloS one 20180105 1

<h4>Background</h4>Breathlessness is associated with major adverse health outcomes and is twice as common in women as men in the general population. We evaluated whether this is related to their lower absolute lung volumes.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot, including static spirometry and diffusing capacity (n = 1,013; 49% women). Breathlessness was measured using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scal ...[more]

PMID: 29304074

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Project description:BackgroundMen have larger kidneys than women, but it is unclear whether gender remains an independent predictor of kidney size (expressed as weight or length) after correction for body size. We analysed autopsy data to assess whether relative renal length and weight (e.g. corrected for body weight, height or body surface area (BSA)) are also larger in men. Assuming that kidney size is associated with nephron number, opposite findings could partly explain why women are less prone to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease than men.MethodsAll forensic autopsies performed between 2009 and 2015 at the local university hospital of Geneva in individuals of European descent aged ≥18 years without a known history of diabetes and/or kidney disease were examined. Individuals with putrefied or severely injured bodies were excluded. Relative renal weight and length were respectively defined as renal weight divided by body weight or BSA and renal length divided by body height or BSA.ResultsA total of 635 autopsies (68.7% men) were included in the analysis. Left kidneys were on average 8 g heavier and 2 mm longer than right kidneys (both: p < 0.05). Absolute renal weight (165 ± 40 vs 122 ± 29 g) and length (12.0 ± 1.3 vs 11.4 ± 1.1 cm) were higher in men. Relative renal weight was also higher in men, but relative renal length was larger in women. In multivariable regression analysis, body height, body weight, the degree of blood congestion or depletion at autopsy and age were determinants of renal weight, whereas arterial hypertension and smoking were not. Percentile curves of renal weight and length according to sex and body height were constructed.ConclusionAbsolute and relative renal weights were both smaller in women. This is in line with recent studies stating that nephron numbers are also lower in women. Relative renal length was longer in women, suggesting that female kidneys have a more elongated shape. In comparison with older autopsy studies, renal weight appears to be stable over time.

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Absolute lung size and the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population.

Publications

Absolute lung size and the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population.

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