The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
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SUBMITTER: Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5824275 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
Akinyemiju Tomi T Abera Semaw S Ahmed Muktar M Alam Noore N Alemayohu Mulubirhan Assefa MA Allen Christine C Al-Raddadi Rajaa R Al-Raddadi Rajaa R Alvis-Guzman Nelson N Amoako Yaw Y Artaman Al A Ayele Tadesse Awoke TA Barac Aleksandra A Bensenor Isabela I Berhane Adugnaw A Bhutta Zulfiqar Z Castillo-Rivas Jacqueline J Chitheer Abdulaal A Choi Jee-Young JY Cowie Benjamin B Dandona Lalit L Dandona Rakhi R Dey Subhojit S Dicker Daniel D Phuc Huyen H Ekwueme Donatus U. DU Zaki Maysaa El Sayed MS Fischer Florian F Fürst Thomas T Hancock Jamie J Hay Simon I. SI Hotez Peter P Jee Sun Ha SH Kasaeian Amir A Khader Yousef Y Khang Young-Ho YH Kumar Anil A Kutz Michael M Larson Heidi H Lopez Alan A Lunevicius Raimundas R Malekzadeh Reza R McAlinden Colm C Meier Toni T Mendoza Walter W Mokdad Ali A Moradi-Lakeh Maziar M Nagel Gabriele G Nguyen Quyen Q Nguyen Grant G Ogbo Felix F Patton George G Pereira David M. DM Pourmalek Farshad F Qorbani Mostafa M Radfar Amir A Roshandel Gholamreza G Salomon Joshua A JA Sanabria Juan J Sartorius Benn B Satpathy Maheswar M Sawhney Monika M Sepanlou Sadaf S Shackelford Katya K Shore Hirbo H Sun Jiandong J Mengistu Desalegn Tadese DT Topór-Mądry Roman R Tran Bach B Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna Vlassov Vasiliy V Vollset Stein Emil SE Vos Theo T Wakayo Tolassa T Weiderpass Elisabete E Werdecker Andrea A Yonemoto Naohiro N Younis Mustafa M Yu Chuanhua C Zaidi Zoubida Z Zhu Liguo L Murray Christopher J. L. CJL Naghavi Mohsen M Fitzmaurice Christina C
JAMA oncology 20171201 12
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Project description:ObjectivePrimary liver cancer is not only one of the most common causes of cancer deaths but also the second most common cause of premature death worldwide. Understanding the trends in incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer and its etiologies is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. This study aimed to quantify the trends in incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer and its etiologies at the global, regional and national levels using data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.MethodAnnual incident cases, deaths, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of primary liver cancer and its etiologies, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and other causes, between 1990 and 2019 were collected from GBD study 2019. Percentage changes in incident cases and deaths and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in ASIRs and ASMRs of primary liver cancer and its etiologies were calculated to quantify their temporal trends. Correlations of EAPC in ASIRs and ASMRs with socio-demographic index (SDI) and universal health coverage index (UHCI) in 2019 were separately evaluated by Pearson correlation analyses.ResultsGlobally, the incident cases and deaths of primary liver cancer increased by 43.11% from 373 393 in 1990 to 534 365 in 2019 and 32.68% from 365 213 in 1990 to 484 584 in 2019, respectively. ASIR and ASMR of primary liver cancer decreased by an average of 2.23% (95% CI 1.83%, 2.63%) and 1.93% (95% CI 1.55%, 2.31%) per year between 1990 and 2019 worldwide, respectively. ASIRs and ASMRs of primary liver cancer varied between regions, with an increasing trend in ASIR (EAPC = 0.91; 95% CI 0.47, 1.35) and a stable trend in ASMR (EAPC = 0.42, 95% CI - 0.01, 0.85) of primary liver cancer in high SDI region between 1990 and 2019. Nearly half (91/204) of the countries suffered an increasing trend in ASIR of primary liver cancer and more than one-third (71/204) of the countries suffered an increasing trend in ASIRs of primary liver cancer from all etiologies between 1990 and 2019 worldwide. Positive correlations of EAPC in ASIR and ASMR of primary liver cancer with SDI and UHCI were observed in nations with SDI ≥ 0.7 or UHCI ≥ 70.ConclusionPrimary liver cancer remains a major public health concern globally, with an increasing trend in the numbers of incident cases and deaths in the past three decades. We observed an increasing trend in ASIR of primary liver cancer in nearly half of the countries and an increasing trend in ASIRs of primary liver cancer by etiology in more than one-third of the countries worldwide. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the identification and elimination of risk factors for primary liver cancer will be required to achieve a sustained reduction in liver cancer burden.
| S-EPMC10271958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHeart failure (HF) remains a significant public health challenge globally. This study aims to systematically analyze the global HF disease burden from 1990 to 2021 across temporal, spatial, and demographic dimensions to provide evidence for targeted prevention and control strategies.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we analyzed the global HF burden through prevalent cases, years lived with disability (YLDs), and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population. Temporal trends were evaluated using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and joinpoint regression analysis. The relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and disease burden was explored through Pearson correlation analysis, while attribution analysis identified the main causes of HF. When appropriate, analyses were stratified by 5 SDI regions, 21 GBD regions, 204 countries and territories, 20 age groups, and both sexes.ResultsGlobal HF prevalence and YLDs burden showed substantial increases from 1990 to 2021, with age-standardized prevalence increasing from 641.14 to 676.68 per 100,000 population. Notably, high-SDI regions exhibited a declining burden since 2019, indicating a potential global turning point. High-income North America bears the heaviest burden while South Asia shows the fastest growth rate. The correlation between disease burden and SDI level was negligible. The disease burden in males consistently exceeded that in females, with prevalence and YLDs rates rising sharply after age 60. The main causes and their attributable proportions were: ischemic heart disease (34.53%), hypertensive heart disease (22.53%), other cardiomyopathies (7.61%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.51%), and congenital heart anomalies (5.69%), with their distribution patterns differing across age groups and regions.ConclusionGlobal burden of HF increased significantly over recent decades, with a potential turning point in 2019 and marked regional disparities. It is essential to prioritize regions with heavy burdens or rapid growth rates, strengthen the management of major causes, and monitor HF burden trends in the post-COVID era.
| S-EPMC11755835 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe aimed to investigate global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe summarized the results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to derive the disease burden of CKD by considering four distinct types of epidemiological data, namely incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The Joinpoint regression analysis, which is skilled in calculating annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), was used to estimate global trends for CKD from 1990 to 2021.ResultsThe age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate of CKD were more prominent in regions with Low and Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. From 1990 to 2021, the countries with the largest increases in ASMR were Ukraine. Globally, the most common cause of death for CKD was type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the most common cause of prevalence, incidence, and DALYs was the other and unspecified causes. The main causes of death and DALYs from CKD varied in different parts of the world. The disease burden of CKD increased with age. In most age groups, the global prevalence and incidence of CKD were higher in females than males. At all ages, the global mortality rate and DALYs rate of CKD were higher in males compared to females. Joint point regression analysis found that from 1990 to 2021 the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) revealed a downward trend, while age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), ASMR, and age-standardized DALYs rate showed an upward trend, with the most notable increase in ASMR during the 1997-2000 period and in age-standardized DALYs rate during the 1996-2003 period.ConclusionsThe study unveiled the uneven global distribution of the burden of CKD and its attributable causes. From 1990 to 2021, an increase in the burden of incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to CKD was observed. Population growth and aging will contribute to a further increase in the burden of CKD. Healthcare providers should develop health policies, and optimize the allocation of medical resources, based on age, sex, region, and disease type.
| S-EPMC11831764 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.ObjectivesThe GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.MethodsCVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.ResultsIn 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.ConclusionsCVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.
| S-EPMC5491406 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundComparable data on the global and country-specific burden of neurological disorders and their trends are crucial for health-care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study provides such information but does not routinely aggregate results that are of interest to clinicians specialising in neurological conditions. In this systematic analysis, we quantified the global disease burden due to neurological disorders in 2015 and its relationship with country development level.MethodsWe estimated global and country-specific prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for various neurological disorders that in the GBD classification have been previously spread across multiple disease groupings. The more inclusive grouping of neurological disorders included stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, medication overuse headache, brain and nervous system cancers, and a residual category of other neurological disorders. We also analysed results based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility, to identify patterns associated with development and how countries fare against expected outcomes relative to their level of development.FindingsNeurological disorders ranked as the leading cause group of DALYs in 2015 (250·7 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 229·1 to 274·7] million, comprising 10·2% of global DALYs) and the second-leading cause group of deaths (9·4 [9·1 to 9·7] million], comprising 16·8% of global deaths). The most prevalent neurological disorders were tension-type headache (1505·9 [UI 1337·3 to 1681·6 million cases]), migraine (958·8 [872·1 to 1055·6] million), medication overuse headache (58·5 [50·8 to 67·4 million]), and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (46·0 [40·2 to 52·7 million]). Between 1990 and 2015, the number of deaths from neurological disorders increased by 36·7%, and the number of DALYs by 7·4%. These increases occurred despite decreases in age-standardised rates of death and DALYs of 26·1% and 29·7%, respectively; stroke and communicable neurological disorders were responsible for most of these decreases. Communicable neurological disorders were the largest cause of DALYs in countries with low SDI. Stroke rates were highest at middle levels of SDI and lowest at the highest SDI. Most of the changes in DALY rates of neurological disorders with development were driven by changes in YLLs.InterpretationNeurological disorders are an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Globally, the burden of neurological disorders has increased substantially over the past 25 years because of expanding population numbers and ageing, despite substantial decreases in mortality rates from stroke and communicable neurological disorders. The number of patients who will need care by clinicians with expertise in neurological conditions will continue to grow in coming decades. Policy makers and health-care providers should be aware of these trends to provide adequate services.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
| S-EPMC5641502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLiver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The primary causes of liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other factors.AimsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the global and sex-, age-, region-, country-, and etiology-related liver cancer burden, as well as the trends in liver cancer caused by different etiologies.MethodsThe causes of liver cancer from 1990 to 2017, including global, regional, and national liver cancer incidence, mortality, and etiology, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017, and the time-dependent change in the trends of liver cancer burden was evaluated by annual percentage change.ResultsThe global liver cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing. There were 950,000 newly-diagnosed liver cancer cases and over 800,000 deaths in 2017, which is more than twice the numbers recorded in 1990. HBV and HCV are the major causes of liver cancer. HBV is the major risk factor of liver cancer in Asia, while HCV and alcohol abuse are the major risk factors in the high sociodemographic index and high human development index regions. The mean onset age and incidence of liver cancer with different etiologies have gradually increased in the past 30 years.ConclusionsThe global incidence is still rising and the causes have national, regional, or population specificities. More targeted prevention strategies must be developed for the different etiologic types in order to reduce liver cancer burden.
| S-EPMC7548973 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015.MethodsWe estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.FindingsOnly ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and/or miscarriage. Historical patterns suggest achievement of SDG 3.1 will require 91% coverage of one antenatal care visit, 78% of four antenatal care visits, 81% of in-facility delivery, and 87% of skilled birth attendance.InterpretationSeveral challenges to improving reproductive health lie ahead in the SDG era. Countries should establish or renew systems for collection and timely dissemination of health data; expand coverage and improve quality of family planning services, including access to contraception and safe abortion to address high adolescent fertility; invest in improving health system capacity, including coverage of routine reproductive health care and of more advanced obstetric care-including EmOC; adapt health systems and data collection systems to monitor and reverse the increase in indirect, other direct, and late maternal deaths, especially in high SDI locations; and examine their own performance with respect to their SDI level, using that information to formulate strategies to improve performance and ensure optimum reproductive health of their population.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
| S-EPMC5224694 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsPancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with a strong invasive nature and low survival rate. We aimed to estimate the PC burden at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019.MethodsDetailed data, including the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were analyzed from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019.ResultsGlobally, there were 530,297 (486,175-573,635) incident cases and 531,107 (491,948-566,537) deaths from PC in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 6.6 (6-7.1), and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.6 (6.1-7.1) per 100,000 person-years. PC caused 11,549,016 (10,777,405-12,338,912) DALYs, with an age-standardized rate of 139.6 (130.2-149.1) per 100,000 person-years. There were increases in estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIR (0.83; 0.78-0.87), ASMR (0.77; 0.73-0.81), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) (0.67; 0.63-0.71). The global number of incident cases increased by 168.7%, from 197,348 (188,604-203,971) to 530,297 (486,175-573,635); the number of deaths increased by 168.2% from 198,051 (189,329-204,763) to 531,107 (491,948-566,537); and total DALYs increased by 148.5% from 4,647,207 (4,465,440-4,812,129) to 11,549,016 (10,777,405-12,338,912). East Asia and China recorded the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs. The proportion of deaths was attributable to smoking (21.4%), elevated fasting glucose (9.1%), and high BMI (6%).ConclusionsOur study updated the epidemiological trends and risk factors for PC. PC remains a major hazard to the sustainability of health systems worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate and mortality from 1990 to 2019. More targeted strategies are required to prevent and treat PC.
| S-EPMC10215993 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy affecting women in developed countries. Recently, the EC disease burden has changed; therefore, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 was used to comprehensively analyze the global, regional, and national burden of EC between 1990 and 2017. General GBD cancer estimation methods were used with the data input from vital registration systems and cancer registries. Annual percent changes were calculated to quantify the trends of EC burden estimates during the study period. Furthermore, the sociodemographic index (SDI) was used to assess the relationship between the EC burden estimates and development level. From 1990 to 2017, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate of EC increased globally by 0.58 and 0.89% per year, respectively. In contrast, the age-standardized death rate and disability-adjusted-life years (DALYs) decreased by 1.19 and 1.21% per year, respectively. Increasing trends in both the incidence and prevalence were observed in all SDI quintiles, except for the low SDI quintiles, whereas decreasing trends were observed in all SDI quintiles for mortality and DALYs. Additionally, a non-linear association existed for the level of mortality rate, DALYs, and SDI. Of note, there was a strong positive association between a high body mass index and DALYs across all SDI quintiles. In conclusion, EC incidence and prevalence rates are growing globally, whereas the death rate and DALYs decreased between 1990 and 2017. Greater efforts, particularly detailed prevention strategies for reducing obesity, should be performed to reverse this phenomenon.
| S-EPMC6930915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective To examine the incidence of cardiomyopathy including both alcoholic cardiomyopathy (AC) and other cardiomyopathy (OC) in 204 nations and regions over the 1990–2019 period. Methods The present study was conducted using data derived from the GBD 2019 study coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The GBD 2019 study included epidemiological data pertaining to 369 diseases/injuries, 286 causes of death, and 87 risk factors in 204 nations and regions. For this study, we adopt published estimates pertaining to the prevalence rates, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with cardiomyopathy. The Bayesian mixed-effects DisMod-MR 2.1 meta-regression tool, which was designed to analyze GBD data, was used to estimate the prevalence of OC and AC. The GBD data are subdivided into 21 global regions based on characteristics such as geographical proximity and epidemiological similarity. The overall burden of cardiomyopathy was assessed by combining AC- and OC-related data, 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on standardized error values determined based upon the width of the 95% UI divided by 1.96 × 2. Results Globally, there were an estimated 0.71 million (95% UI: 0.55–0.92) AC cases and 3.73 million (95% UI: 2.92–4.72) OC cases in 2019. The age-standardized cardiomyopathy, AC, and OC prevalence rates (per 100,000 persons) in 2019 were 56.0 (95% CI: 43.82–71.17), 8.51 (95% UI: 6.6–11.01), and 47.49 (95% UI: 37.22–60.16), respectively. In total, the respective numbers of global deaths attributed to AC and OC were 0.07 million (95% UI: 0.06–0.08) and 0.24 million (95% UI: 0.19–0.26). The age-standardized mortality rate for cardiomyopathy in 2019 was 3.97 (95% CI: 3.29–4.39), with respective mortality rates of 0.86 (95% UI: 0.72–0.99) and 3.11 (95% UI: 2.57–3.4) for AC and OC. At the global level in 2019, 2.44 million (95% UI: 2.04–2.78) DALYs were attributed to AC, while 5.72 million (95% UI: 4.89–6.33) DALYs were attributed to OC. From 1990 to 2019, cardiomyopathy age-standardized prevalence rates declined by −0.49% (95% CI: −0.57 to −0.41), with those for AC and OC having respectively declined by −0.32% (95% UI: −0.36 to −0.28) and −0.17% (95% UI: −0.21 to −0.13). The age-standardized AC and OC mortality rates declined by −0.36% (95% UI: −0.5 to −0.26) and −0.39% (95% UI: −0.44 to −0.29), despite 24.8 and 30.2% increases, respectively, in the numbers of AC- and OC-related deaths during the same period. Conclusion Previous studies have estimated the risk factors that influence the burden of multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among them, some studies related to the GBD database on cardiomyopathy data suggest that alcohol intake, gender are factors in the development of AC, and the burden of AC and OC is not limited to developed or less developed countries. Otherwise, this study mainly focused on cardiomyopathy, and analyzed multiple indicators from national, regional, and age-standard dimensions to identify potential risk factors including prevalence, deaths, years lived with Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) that influence the development of AC and OC. To our knowledge, this study is the first to have systematically assessed the burden of AC and OC as of 2019 at the national, regional, and global levels and calculated DALYs to achieve a better evaluation of disease risk and quality of life of the population. The number of cases, deaths and DALYs of cardiomyopathy showed an overall increasing trend and obvious geographical differences in the past three decades. The burden of cardiomyopathy remains a persistent threat to global public health. These results provide an epidemiological foundation that can guide public health efforts and policymakers.
| S-EPMC9748073 | biostudies-literature