Family history of cancer and the risk of childhood solid tumours: a Norwegian nationwide register-based cohort study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Del Risco Kollerud R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5886124 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Family history of cancer and the risk of childhood solid tumours: a Norwegian nationwide register-based cohort study.
Del Risco Kollerud Ruby R Blaasaas Karl Gerhard KG Claussen Bjørgulf B Nafstad Per P Cannon-Albright Lisa A LA Ruud Ellen E Wesenberg Finn F Næss Øyvind Ø
British journal of cancer 20180220 6
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.85. ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the association of a family history of cancer with the risk of testicular cancer in young adults.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study including 1,974,287 males born 1951-2015, of whom 2686 were diagnosed with TC before the age of 30.ResultsA history of TC in male relatives was significantly associated with a diagnosis of TC among children and young adults, including brothers (6.3-fold), sons (4.7-fold), fathers (4.4-fold), paternal uncles (2.0-fold) and maternal uncles (1.9-fold). Individuals with a father diagnosed with a carcinoma or sarcoma showed an elevated risk (1.1-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively). A family history of mesothelioma was positively associated with a risk of TC [(father (2.8-fold), mother (4.6-fold) and maternal uncles and aunt (4.4-fold)]. Elevated risks were also observed when siblings were diagnosed with malignant melanoma (1.4-fold). The risk of TC was also increased when fathers (11.1-fold), paternal (4.9-fold) and maternal uncles and aunts (4.6-fold) were diagnosed with malignant neuroepithelial-tumours.ConclusionWe found an increased risk of TC among children and young adults with a family history of TC, carcinoma, mesothelioma, sarcoma, malignant melanoma and malignant neuroepithelial tumours. Hereditary cancer syndromes might underlie some of the associations reported in this study.
| S-EPMC6734662 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFamily history of myocardial infarction (MI) is an independent risk factor for MI. Several genetic variants are associated with increased risk of MI and family history of MI in a first-degree relative doubles MI risk. However, although family history of MI is not a simple dichotomous risk factor, the impact of specific, detailed family histories has not received much attention, despite its high clinical relevance. We examined risk of MI by MIs in first- and second-degree relatives and by number and age of affected relatives.Methods and findingsUsing Danish national registers, we established a nationwide cohort of persons born between 1930 and 1992 with identifiable first- or second-degree relatives. Incident MIs in both cohort members and relatives aged ≥20 years were identified. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for MI by family history of MI, by Poisson regression. In 4.4 million persons followed for 104 million person-years, we identified 128,384 incident MIs. IRRs with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for MI by history of MI in 1, 2 or ≥3 first-degree relatives were 1.46 (1.42-1.49), 2.38 (2.22-2.56) and 3.58 (2.66-4.81), respectively. Corresponding estimates for second-degree relatives were 1.17 (1.05-1.30), 1.87 (1.46-2.38) and 2.18 (1.09-4.36). A history of MI in combinations of first- and second-degree relatives increased risks 1.8- to 7-fold in middle-aged persons (36 to 55 years). Estimates were robust to adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and use of cardiovascular medications.ConclusionA detailed family history, particularly number of affected first- and second-degree relatives, contributes meaningfully to risk assessment, especially in middle-aged persons. Future studies should test for potential improvement of risk algorithm prediction using detailed family histories.
| S-EPMC4444238 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesRA patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF), but the impact of RA on ischaemic stroke risk in the context of AF remains unknown. We explored whether the risk of ischaemic stroke after diagnosis of AF is further increased among patients with RA compared with non-RA patients.MethodsIn the nationwide Norwegian Cardio-Rheuma Register, we evaluated cumulative incidence and hazard rate of ischaemic stroke after the first AF diagnosis (2750 individuals with RA and 158 879 without RA between 2010 and 2017) by using a competing risk model with a 3-month delayed entry.ResultsThe 5-year unadjusted cumulative incidence of ischaemic stroke was 7.3% (95% CI: 5.9-8.7%) for patients with RA and 5.0% (95% CI: 4.9-5.2%) for patients without RA. Unadjusted univariate analyses indicated that AF patients with RA had a HR of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.62) for ischaemic stroke compared with those without RA. Sex- and age-adjusted HR for ischaemic stroke in RA patients with AF was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.50), and the effect size remained unchanged after adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment. RA patients were less likely to receive OAC treatment than non-RA patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.97).ConclusionRA patients diagnosed with AF are at a further increased risk for stroke compared with non-RA patients with AF, and less likely to receive OAC treatment, emphasizing the need to improve stroke prevention in AF patients with RA.
| S-EPMC11534115 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy has been linked to asthma risk in children, but the role of underlying infections remains unclear. We investigated the association of maternal antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy with offspring risk of asthma. We used two population-based cohorts: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (n = 53 417) and a register-based cohort (n = 417 548). Asthma was defined based on dispensed asthma medications at 7 and 13 years from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Self-reported information on antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy was available in MoBa, while registrations of dispensed prescriptions were used to classify use of antibiotics in the register-based cohort. Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy was associated with asthma at 7 in both cohorts (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.11-1.37 in MoBa and 1.21, 1.16-1.25 in the register cohort) and asthma at 13 in the register cohort (1.13, 1.03-1.23) after adjusting for maternal characteristics. In MoBa, the estimate was attenuated after adjusting for infections during pregnancy. Maternal lower and upper respiratory tract infections (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.57 and 1.19, 1.09-1.30, respectively) and urinary tract infections (1.26, 1.11-1.42) showed associations with asthma at 7. Register cohort also showed an increased risk of asthma in relation to maternal antibiotics before and after pregnancy. Our findings suggest that both maternal antibiotics and infections during pregnancy have a role in the risk of offspring asthma. However, results from the register cohort suggest that the effect of antibiotics may reflect the shared underlying susceptibility.
| S-EPMC9529693 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo study the association between dog ownership and cardiovascular risk factors.DesignA nationwide register-based cohort study and a cross-sectional study in a subset.SettingA cohort of 2 026 865 participants was identified from the Register of the Total Population and linked to national registers for information on dog ownership, prescribed medication, hospital admissions, education level, income and country of birth. Participants were followed from 1 October, 2006, to the end of the study on 31 December, 2012, assessing medication for a cardiovascular risk factor, emigration and death. Cross-sectional associations were further assessed in 10 110 individuals from the TwinGene study with additional adjustment for professional level, employment status, Charlson comorbidity index, disability and tobacco use.ParticipantsAll Swedish residents aged 45-80 years on 1 October, 2006.Main outcome measuresInitiation of medication for hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, the results indicated slightly higher likelihood of initiating antihypertensive (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.03) and lipid-lowering treatment (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) in dog owners than in non-owners, particularly among those aged 45-60 years and in those owning mixed breed or companion/toy breed dogs. No association of dog ownership with initiation of treatment for diabetes was found in the overall analysis (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.01). Sensitivity analyses in the TwinGene cohort indicated confounding of the association between dog ownership and prevalent treatment for hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus, respectively, from factors not available in the national cohort, such as employment status and non cardiovascularchronic disease status.ConclusionsIn this large cohort study, dog ownership was associated with a minimally higher risk of initiation of treatment for hypertension and dyslipidaemia implying that the previously reported lower risk of cardiovascular mortality among dog owners in this cohort is not explained by reduced hypertension and dyslipidaemia. These observations may suffer from residual confounding despite access to multiple important covariates, and future studies may add valuable information.
| S-EPMC6429732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It has been suggested that non-live vaccines may increase susceptibility to non-targeted infections and that such deleterious non-specific effects are more pronounced in girls. We investigated whether receipt of non-live vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) was associated with increased risk of infectious disease hospitalization. A nationwide cohort study based on detailed individual-level data from national registries was performed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The cohort consisted of girls aged 11-14 years in Denmark, Finland, and Norway, and 10-14 years in Sweden. Cox regression, with extensive control for potential confounders, was used to assess whether risk of infectious disease hospitalization with at least one overnight stay differed according to time-varying HPV vaccination status. In total, 754 458 girls were included in the analysis. The infectious disease hospitalization rate (per 10 000 person years) was 44.1 in Denmark, 35.7 in Finland, 37.1 in Norway, and 28.5 in Sweden. Comparing HPV-vaccinated with HPV-unvaccinated person time, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.81 (0.72, 0.90) in Denmark, 0.69 (0.60, 0.80) in Finland, 0.76 (0.66, 0.88) in Norway, and 0.59 (0.49, 0.71) in Sweden. Decreased risk was observed regardless of number of doses, except in Norway, where risk among girls with only one dose did not differ from risk among unvaccinated girls. Receipt of HPV vaccine was consistently associated with decreased risk of infectious disease hospitalization among girls in the Nordic countries. Our study does not support that HPV vaccines have deleterious non-specific effects.
| S-EPMC11799007 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We sought to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and the possible effect modification by family history and genetic predisposition. This prospective study included 3574 diabetes-free adults at baseline who participated in the HUNT2 (1995-1997) and HUNT3 (2006-2008) surveys. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and classified as <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. Family history of diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes among parents and siblings. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for T2DM based on 166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was generated. Incident T2DM was defined by self-report and/or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level of <0.08 antibody index at the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Effect modification by family history or PRS was assessed by likelihood ratio test (LRT). Over 11 years of follow-up, 92 (2.6%) participants developed T2DM. A higher risk of incident T2DM was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D level of<50 nmol/L compared with those of ≥50 nmol/L (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86). Level of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in adults without family history of diabetes (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.24) but not in those with a family history (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.62, p value for LRT=0.003). There was no effect modification by PRS (p value for LRT>0.23). Serum 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Norwegian adults. The inverse association was modified by family history of diabetes but not by genetic predisposition to T2DM.
| S-EPMC7786796 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPopulation-based knowledge of the characteristics of wake-up stroke and unknown-onset stroke is limited. We compared occurrence and characteristics of ischaemic and haemorrhagic wake-up stroke, unknown-onset stroke and known-onset stroke in a nationwide register-based study.Patients and methodsWe included patients registered in the Norwegian Stroke Register from 2012 through 2019. Age, sex, risk factors, clinical characteristics, acute stroke treatment and discharge destination were compared according to stroke type and time of onset.ResultsOf the 60,320 patients included, 11,451 (19%) had wake-up stroke, 11,098 (18.4%) had unknown time of onset and 37,771 (62.6%) had known symptom onset. The proportion of haemorrhagic stroke was lower among wake-up stroke patients (1107/11,451, 9.7%, 95% CI: 9.1-10.2) than for known-onset stroke (5230/37,771, 13.8%, 95% CI: 13.5-14.2) and for unknown-onset stroke (1850/11,098, 16.7%, 95% CI: 16.0-17.4). Mild stroke (NIHSS <5) was more frequent in ischaemic wake-up stroke (5364/8308, 64.6%, 95% CI: 63.5-65.5) than in known-onset (16,417/26,746, 61.4%, 95% CI: 60.8-62.0) and unknown-onset stroke (3242/5853, 55.4%, 95% CI: 54.1-56.7), while baseline characteristics were otherwise similar to known-onset stroke. Unknown-onset stroke patients were more often female, lived alone and had more severe strokes compared to wake-up stroke and known-onset stroke patients. Unknown-onset stroke patients were more often in need of community-based health care on discharge and had a higher in-hospital mortality.Discussion and conclusionsIschaemic wake-up strokes shared baseline characteristics with known-onset strokes, but tended to be milder. Ischaemic unknown-onset stroke patients differed significantly from wake-up stroke, emphasising the importance of considering them as separate entities.
| S-EPMC9134780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the association between the use of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and seven serious adverse events of current concern.DesignRegister based cohort study.SettingSweden and Denmark from July 2013 to December 2016.ParticipantsA propensity score matched cohort of 17 213 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, 61%; empagliflozin, 38%; canagliflozin, 1%) and 17 213 new users of the active comparator, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were lower limb amputation, bone fracture, diabetic ketoacidosis, acute kidney injury, serious urinary tract infection, venous thromboembolism, and acute pancreatitis, as identified from hospital records. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsUse of SGLT2 inhibitors, as compared with GLP1 receptor agonists, was associated with an increased risk of lower limb amputation (incidence rate 2.7 v 1.1 events per 1000 person years, hazard ratio 2.32, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 3.91) and diabetic ketoacidosis (1.3 v 0.6, 2.14, 1.01 to 4.52) but not with bone fracture (15.4 v 13.9, 1.11, 0.93 to 1.33), acute kidney injury (2.3 v 3.2, 0.69, 0.45 to 1.05), serious urinary tract infection (5.4 v 6.0, 0.89, 0.67 to 1.19), venous thromboembolism (4.2 v 4.1, 0.99, 0.71 to 1.38) or acute pancreatitis (1.3 v 1.2, 1.16, 0.64 to 2.12).ConclusionsIn this analysis of nationwide registers from two countries, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, as compared with GLP1 receptor agonists, was associated with an increased risk of lower limb amputation and diabetic ketoacidosis, but not with other serious adverse events of current concern.
| S-EPMC6233755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveRecent evidence supports that gynaecomastia may predict long-term morbidity, but evidence on the association with death and causes of death in males with gynaecomastia is lacking. The objective of this work is to estimate the risk of death in men diagnosed with gynaecomastia and evaluate whether this was conditional on underlying aetiologies of gynaecomastia.DesignA nationwide register-based cohort study.SettingNationwide Danish national health registries.ParticipantsMales were diagnosed with incident gynaecomastia (n=23 429) from 1 January 1995 to 30 June 2021, and each was age and calendar matched to five randomly population-based males without gynaecomastia (n=117 145).InterventionsNot applicable.Primary and secondary outcomesGynaecomastia was distinguished between males without (idiopathic) and males with a known pre-existing risk factor. Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses estimated associations between gynaecomastia and death (all cause/cause specific).ResultsWe identified a total of 16 253 males with idiopathic gynaecomastia and 7176 with gynaecomastia and a known pre-existing risk factor. Of these, 1093 (6.7%) and 1501 (20.9%) died during follow-up, respectively. We detected a 37% increased risk of all-cause death in males with gynaecomastia in the entire cohort (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.43). Death risk was highest in males diagnosed with gynaecomastia and a known pre-existing risk factor (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.64 to 1.86) compared with males with idiopathic gynaecomastia (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13). Specific causes of increased death were malignant neoplasms and circulatory, pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases. Of the latter, an over fivefold risk of death from liver disease was detected (HR 5.05; 95% CI 3.97 to 6.42).ConclusionsMales diagnosed with gynaecomastia are at higher risk of death, observed mainly in males with a known pre-existing risk factor of gynaecomastia. These findings will hopefully stimulate more awareness among healthcare providers to potentially apply interventions that aid in alleviating underlying risk factors in males with this condition.
| S-EPMC10826571 | biostudies-literature