Malondialdehyde Epitopes as Targets of Immunity and the Implications for Atherosclerosis.

ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) constitute a novel class of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated during high oxidative stress but also in the physiological process of apoptosis. To deal with the potentially harmful consequences of such epitopes, the immune system has developed several mechanisms to protect from OSEs and to orchestrate their clearance, including IgM natural antibodies and both cellular- and membrane-bound receptors. Here, we focus on malondialdehyde (MDA) epitopes as prominent examples of OSEs that trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses. First, we review the mechanisms of MDA generation, the different types of adducts on various biomolecules and provide relevant examples for physiological carriers of MDA su

SUBMITTER: Papac-Milicevic N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5892703 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature