Robust is not necessarily reliable: From within-subjects fMRI contrasts to between-subjects comparisons.

ABSTRACT: Advances in cognitive and affective neuroscience come largely from within-subjects comparisons, in which the functional significance of neural activity is determined by contrasting two or more experimental conditions. Clinical and social neuroscience studies have attempted to leverage between-subject variability in such condition differences to better understand psychopathology and other individual differences. Shifting from within-to between-subjects comparisons requires that measures have adequate internal consistency to function as individual difference variables. This is particularly relevant for difference scores-which have lower reliability. The field has assumed reasonable internal consistency of neural measures based on consistent findings across studies (i.e., if a within-subject

SUBMITTER: Infantolino ZP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5912348 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature