Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Localization in Xenograft and Allograft Tumor Models Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide.

ABSTRACT: T cell-deficient mice such as nude mice are often used to generate tumor xenograft for the development of anticancer agents. However, the functionality of the other immune cells including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the xenograft are largely unknown. Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) acquire functionally distinct properties in response to various environmental stimuli; the interaction of these cells with MDSCs in tumor microenvironments regulates cancer progression. Nude mice are less likely to reject human cancer cells because of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatches. The tumor microenvironment in a xenograft, comprising human and mouse cells, exhibits more complex bidirectional signaling and function than that of all

SUBMITTER: Masuda J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5979423 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature