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Inhaled nitric oxide mitigates need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with refractory acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to cardiac and pulmonary shunts.

ABSTRACT: We present a case of refractory acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to influenza B pneumonia with concomitant large intra-atrial shunt (IAS) and severe pulmonary regurgitation in a patient with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome with prior pulmonary homograft placement. Our patient's hypoxemia improved with inhaled nitric oxide as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation without requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and eventually a percutaneous closure with a 30 mm CardioSeal patent foramen ovale closure device was accomplished. However, his peri-procedural hospital course was complicated by occluder device migration, which was retrieved with eventual surgical closure of the PFO. Nitric oxide has not demonstrated any statistically significant effect on mortality and only reported to transiently improved oxygenation in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Our case demonstrates that inhaled nitric oxide may have a role in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in a case with significant cardiac and pulmonary shunts.

SUBMITTER: Nokes B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6010619 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inhaled nitric oxide mitigates need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with refractory acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to cardiac and pulmonary shunts.

Nokes Brandon B Yeneneh Beeletsega B Maddux Jake J Van Woerkom Ryan C RC Lowell Amelia A Callisen Hannelisa H Patel Bhavesh B Shamoun Fadi F Fortuin F David FD DeValeria Patrick P Sen Ayan A

Respiratory medicine case reports 20180503

We present a case of refractory acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to influenza B pneumonia with concomitant large intra-atrial shunt (IAS) and severe pulmonary regurgitation in a patient with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome with prior pulmonary homograft placement. Our patient's hypoxemia improved with inhaled nitric oxide as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation without requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and eventually a percutaneous closure with a 30 mm CardioSeal patent foramen oval ...[more]

PMID: 29977772

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Project description:ObjectivesTo characterize contemporary use of inhaled nitric oxide in pediatric acute respiratory failure and to assess relationships between clinical variables and outcomes. We sought to study the relationship of inhaled nitric oxide response to patient characteristics including right ventricular dysfunction and clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation. We hypothesize that prompt clinician responsiveness to minimize hyperoxia would be associated with improved outcomes.DesignAn observational cohort study.SettingEight sites of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.PatientsOne hundred fifty-one patients who received inhaled nitric oxide for a primary respiratory indication.Measurements and main resultsClinical data were abstracted from the medical record beginning at inhaled nitric oxide initiation and continuing until the earliest of 28 days, ICU discharge, or death. Ventilator-free days, oxygenation index, and Functional Status Scale were calculated. Echocardiographic reports were abstracted assessing for pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction, and other cardiovascular parameters. Clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation was determined. One hundred thirty patients (86%) who received inhaled nitric oxide had improved oxygenation by 24 hours. PICU mortality was 29.8%, while a new morbidity was identified in 19.8% of survivors. Among patients who had echocardiograms, 27.9% had evidence of pulmonary hypertension, 23.1% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and 22.1% had an atrial communication. Moderate or severe right ventricular dysfunction was associated with higher mortality. Clinicians responded to an improvement in oxygenation by decreasing FIO2 to less than 0.6 within 24 hours in 71% of patients. Timely clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation with inhaled nitric oxide was associated with more ventilator-free days but not less cardiac arrests, mortality, or additional morbidity.ConclusionsClinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation was associated with less ventilator days. Algorithms to standardize ventilator management may improve signal to noise ratios in future trials enabling better assessment of the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on patient outcomes. Additionally, confining studies to more selective patient populations such as those with right ventricular dysfunction may be required.

Project description:BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important rescue therapy for patients with refractory respiratory or circulatory failure. High cost and associated complications warrant careful case selection. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and factors associated with mortality in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients who received ECMO support, and to externally validate preexisting ECMO survival prediction scoring systems.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients who received veno-venous (VV) or veno-arterial (VA) ECMO support at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) from 2010 to 2020. All relevant baseline patient characteristics including ECMO survival prediction scores were recorded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.ResultsOf a total of 65 patients, 34 (52%) were male, the median (IQR) age was 61 years (49-70 years), the median body mass index (BMI) was 22.6 kg/m2 (20.6-28 kg/m2), and the median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 13 [11-16]. Forty-three patients (66%) received VV-ECMO, and 22 (34%) received VA-ECMO support. In-hospital mortality was 69%. Multivariate analysis identified a SOFA score >14, hospitalized >72 hours before ECMO initiation, PaO2/FiO2 ratio <60, and pH <7.2 as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. These four parameters were combined to create the SHOP (S: SOFA >14, H: hospitalize >72 hours, O: PF ratio <60, and P: pH <7.2) score. Compared with three different preexisting ECMO survival prediction scoring systems, the SHOP score had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for predicting in-hospital mortality (overall: 0.873, VV-EMCO: 0.866, and VA-EMCO: 0.891).ConclusionsIn-hospital mortality among ECMO-supported patients was high at 69%. SOFA score >14, hospitalized >72 hours, PaO2/FiO2 ratio <60, and pH <7.2 were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. A SHOP score of 2 or higher significantly predicts in-hospital mortality in EMCO-supported patients.Trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov (reg. No. NCT04031794).

Project description:BackgroundAsthma exacerbations with respiratory failure (AERF) are associated with hospital mortality of 7% to 15%. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used as a salvage therapy for refractory AERF, but controlled studies showing its association with mortality have not been performed.Research questionIs treatment with ECMO associated with lower mortality in refractory AERF compared with standard care?Study design and methodsThis is a retrospective, epidemiologic, observational cohort study using a national, administrative data set from 2010 to 2020 that includes 25% of US hospitalizations. People were included if they were admitted to an ECMO-capable hospital with an asthma exacerbation, and were treated with short-acting bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and invasive ventilation. People were excluded for age < 18 years, no ICU stay, nonasthma chronic lung disease, COVID-19, or multiple admissions. The main exposure was ECMO vs No ECMO. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Key secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, time receiving invasive ventilation, and total hospital costs.ResultsThe study analyzed 13,714 patients with AERF, including 127 with ECMO and 13,587 with No ECMO. ECMO was associated with reduced mortality in the covariate-adjusted (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.64; P = .001), propensity score-adjusted (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16-0.81; P = .01), and propensity score-matched models (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98; P = .04) vs No ECMO. Sensitivity analyses showed that mortality reduction related to ECMO ranged from OR 0.34 to 0.61. ECMO was also associated with increased hospital costs in all three models (P < .0001 for all) vs No ECMO, but not with decreased ICU LOS, hospital LOS, or time receiving invasive ventilation.InterpretationECMO was associated with lower mortality and higher hospital costs, suggesting that it may be an important salvage therapy for refractory AERF following confirmatory clinical trials.

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Inhaled nitric oxide mitigates need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with refractory acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to cardiac and pulmonary shunts.

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Inhaled nitric oxide mitigates need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with refractory acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to cardiac and pulmonary shunts.

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