The indestructible insect: Velvet ants from across the United States avoid predation by representatives from all major tetrapod clades.

ABSTRACT: Velvet ants are a group of parasitic wasps that are well known for a suite of defensive adaptations including bright coloration and a formidable sting. While these adaptations are presumed to function in antipredator defense, observations between potential predators and this group are lacking. We conducted a series of experiments to determine the risk of velvet ants to a host of potential predators including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and small mammals. Velvet ants from across the United States were tested with predator's representative of the velvet ants native range. All interactions between lizards, free-ranging birds, and a mole resulted in the velvet ants survival, and ultimate avoidance by the predator. Two shrews did injure a velvet ant, but this occurred only after multiple faile

SUBMITTER: Gall BG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6010712 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature