Genetic predisposition to obesity is associated with asthma in US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Guo Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6019147 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Genetic predisposition to obesity is associated with asthma in US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
Guo Y Y Moon J-Y JY Laurie C C CC North K E KE Sanchez-Johnsen L A P LAP Davis S S Yu B B Nyenhuis S M SM Kaplan R R Rastogi D D Qi Q Q
Allergy 20180422 7
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Project description:Studies using self-reported data suggest a gene-physical activity interaction on obesity, yet the influence of sedentary behavior, distinct from a lack of physical activity, on genetic associations with obesity remains unclear. We analyzed interactions of accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time spent sedentary with genetic variants on obesity among 9,645 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. An overall genetic risk score (GRS), a central nervous system (CNS)-related GRS, and a non-CNS-related GRS were calculated based on 97 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic association with BMI was stronger in individuals with lower MVPA (first tertile) versus higher MVPA (third tertile) (β = 0.78 kg/m2 [SE, 0.10 kg/m2] vs. 0.39 kg/m2 [0.09 kg/m2] per SD increment of GRS; Pinteraction = 0.005), and in those with more time spent sedentary (third tertile) versus less time spent sedentary (first tertile) (β = 0.73 kg/m2 [SE, 0.10 kg/m2] vs. 0.44 kg/m2 [0.09 kg/m2]; Pinteraction = 0.006). Similar significant interaction patterns were observed for obesity risk, body fat mass, fat percentage, fat mass index, and waist circumference, but not for fat-free mass. The CNS-related GRS, but not the non-CNS-related GRS, showed significant interactions with MVPA and sedentary behavior, with effects on BMI and other adiposity traits. Our data suggest that both increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior may attenuate genetic associations with obesity, although the independence of these interaction effects needs to be investigated further.
| S-EPMC5697950 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSeven national 2020 Strategic Impact Goals for cardiovascular health (Life's Simple 7 [LS7]) estimates for major ethnic/racial groups are available, but not for diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Herein, we describe and examine LS7 profiles of diverse Hispanic/Latino groups.MethodsHCHS/SOL (analytic n = 15,825; ages 18-74 years) data were used to estimate LS7 metrics. LS7 metrics were operationalized as Ideal, Intermediate, or Poor and indexed as an additive score. We calculated Hispanic/Latino group and sex-specific prevalence estimates for LS7 metrics and used survey-based regression models to examine (1) associations between LS7 scores and pertinent sociocultural characteristics and (2) relationships between LS7 scores and coronary heart disease, and stroke and transient ischemic attacks prevalence.ResultsFew HCHS/SOL participants met all 7 Ideal LS7 criteria (<1%), and a similarly small proportion did not meet any Ideal LS7 criteria (1.1%). We found significant variability in LS7 distributions between men and women and across HCHS/SOL Hispanic/Latino heritages. We also found a substantial sex-adjusted age gradient in LS7 cardiovascular health (ie, ≥4 Ideal LS7s). Finally, higher Ideal LS7 scores were associated with decreased odds of both coronary heart disease and self-reported stroke/transient ischemic attack; these associations persisted after model covariate adjustments.ConclusionsHispanic/Latino LS7s compared favorably with existing national estimates; however, we found areas for improvement. Several Hispanic/Latino LS7 strengths and weaknesses varied by sex and heritage, providing important information to guide targeted health promotion efforts toward achieving 2020 goals.
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Project description:Background and aimsThe Ankle-Brachial index (ABI) is a well-accepted measure of peripheral artery disease (arterial stenosis and stiffness) and has been shown to be associated with cognitive function and disorders; however, these associations have not been examined in Hispanics/Latinos. Therefore, we sought to examine relationships between ABI and cognitive function among diverse middle-age and older Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data on n = 7991 participants aged 45-74 years, without stroke or coronary heart disease, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Our primary outcome, global cognition (GC), was a continuous composite score of four cognitive domains (verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, executive function, and mental status). Secondary outcomes were the individual tests representing these domains. The ABI was analyzed continuously and categorically with standard clinical cut-points. We tested associations using generalized survey regression models incrementally adjusting for confounding factors. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia moderations were examined through interactions with the primary exposure.ResultsIn age, sex, and education adjusted models, continuous ABI had an inverse u-shape association with worse GC. We found similar associations with measures of verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, executive function, but not with low mental status. The associations were attenuated, but not completely explained, by accounting for the confounders and not modified by age, sex, education, and vascular disease risks.ConclusionsIn addition to being a robust indicator of arterial compromise, our study suggests that abnormal ABI readings may also be useful for early signaling of subtle cognitive deficits.
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Project description:Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics in the U.S., yet data on cancer prevalence and risk factors in Hispanics in regard to ancestry remain scarce. This study sought to describe (a) the prevalence of cancer among Hispanics from four major U.S. metropolitan areas, (b) cancer prevalence across Hispanic ancestry, and (c) identify correlates of self-reported cancer prevalence. Participants were 16,415 individuals from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central or South American. All data were collected at a single time point during the HCHS/SOL baseline clinic visit. The overall self-reported prevalence rate of cancer for the population was 4%. The rates varied by Hispanic ancestry group, with individuals of Cuban and Puerto Rican ancestry reporting the highest cancer prevalence. For the entire population, older age (OR = 1.47, p < .001, 95% CI, 1.26-1.71) and having health insurance (OR = 1.93, p < .001, 95% CI, 1.42-2.62) were all significantly associated with greater prevalence, whereas male sex was associated with lower prevalence (OR = 0.56, p < .01, 95% CI, .40-.79). Associations between study covariates and cancer prevalence also varied by Hispanic ancestry. Findings underscore the importance of sociodemographic factors and health insurance in relation to cancer prevalence for Hispanics and highlight variations in cancer prevalence across Hispanic ancestry groups. Characterizing differences in cancer prevalence rates and their correlates is critical to the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies across distinct Hispanic ancestry groups.
| S-EPMC4726570 | biostudies-other
Project description:Cognitive function such as reasoning, attention, memory, and language is strongly correlated with brain aging. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics/Latinos have a higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. The genetic determinants of cognitive function have not been widely explored in this diverse and admixed population. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis of cognitive function in up to 7600 middle aged and older Hispanics/Latinos (mean = 55 years) from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Four cognitive measures were examined: the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT), the Word Fluency Test (WFT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Six-Item Screener (SIS). Four novel loci were identified: one for B-SEVLT at 4p14, two for WFT at 3p14.1 and 6p21.32, and one for DSST at 10p13. These loci implicate genes highly expressed in brain and previously connected to neurological diseases (UBE2K, FRMD4B, the HLA gene complex). By applying tissue-specific gene expression prediction models to our genotype data, additional genes highly expressed in brain showed suggestive associations with cognitive measures possibly indicating novel biological mechanisms, including IFT122 in the hippocampus for SIS, SNX31 in the basal ganglia for B-SEVLT, RPS6KB2 in the frontal cortex for WFT, and CSPG5 in the hypothalamus for DSST. These findings provide new information about the genetic determinants of cognitive function in this unique population. In addition, we derived a measure of general cognitive function based on these cognitive tests and generated genome-wide association summary results, providing a resource to the research community for comparison, replication, and meta-analysis in future genetic studies in Hispanics/Latinos.
| S-EPMC7376098 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to examine the retention of Hispanics/Latinos participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a prospective cohort study of 16,415 adults in 4 US cities who were enrolled between 2008 and 2011. We summarized retention strategies and examined contact, response, and participation rates over 5 years of annual follow-up interviews. We then evaluated motivations for participation and satisfaction with retention efforts among participants who completed a second in-person interview approximately 6 years after their baseline interview. Finally, we conducted logistic regression analyses estimating associations of demographic, health, and interview characteristics at study visit 1 (baseline) with participation, high motivation, and high satisfaction at visit 2. Across 5 years, the HCHS/SOL maintained contact, response, and participation rates over 80%. The most difficult Hispanic/Latino populations to retain included young, single, US-born males with less than a high school education. At visit 2, we found high rates of motivation and satisfaction. HCHS/SOL participants primarily sought to help their community and learn more about their health. High rates of retention of Hispanics/Latinos can be facilitated through the employment of bilingual/bicultural staff and the development of culturally tailored retention materials.
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Project description:ObjectiveWe assessed the cross-sectional relationships of self-reported current occupational exposures to solvents, metals, and pesticides with metabolic syndrome and its components among 7127 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.MethodsMetabolic syndrome was defined as a clustering of abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, and/or high fasting glucose. Regression models that incorporated inverse probability of exposure weighting were used to estimate prevalence ratios.ResultsSolvent exposure was associated with a 32% higher prevalence of high blood pressure (95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.60) than participants not reporting exposure. No associations were observed for occupational exposures with abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein, or metabolic syndrome.ConclusionOur findings suggest that solvent exposure may be an important occupational risk factor for high blood pressure among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.
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Project description:Rationale & objectiveRecent studies suggest that periodontal disease may be associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies have focused on older populations, and US Hispanics/Latinos were not well represented.Study designObservational cohort.Setting & participantsWe analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who completed a baseline visit with a periodontal examination and a follow-up visit, and did not have CKD at baseline.PredictorsPredictors included ≥30% of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm, ≥30% of sites with probing depth ≥4 mm, percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, and absence of functional dentition (<21 permanent teeth present).OutcomesOutcomes were incident low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and decline in eGFR ≥1 mL/min/year); incident albuminuria (urine albumin:creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥30 mg/g); and change in eGFR and ACR.Analytic approachPoisson and linear regression.ResultsFor the sample (n = 7.732), baseline mean age was 41.5 years, 45.2% were male, 11.7% had ≥30% of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm, 5.1% had ≥30% of sites with probing depth ≥4 mm, 30.7% had ≥50% of sites with bleeding on probing, and 16.2% had absent functional dentition. During a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 149 patients developed low eGFR and 415 patients developed albuminuria. On multivariable analysis, presence versus absence of ≥30% of sites with probing depth ≥4 mm and absence of functional dentition were each associated with increased risk for incident low eGFR (incident density ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.14-4.65 and 1.65, 95% CI, 1.01-2.70, respectively). None of the other predictors were associated with outcomes.LimitationsOnly a single kidney function follow-up measure.ConclusionsIn this cohort of US Hispanics/Latinos, we found that select measures of periodontal disease were associated with incident low eGFR. Future work is needed to assess whether the treatment of periodontal disease may prevent CKD.
| S-EPMC8350839 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess the extent to which objective sleep patterns vary among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. We assessed objective sleep patterns in 2087 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 6 Hispanic/Latino subgroups aged 18-64 years who underwent 7 days of wrist actigraphy. The age- and sex-standardized mean (SE) sleep duration was 6.82 (0.05), 6.72 (0.07), 6.61 (0.07), 6.59 (0.06), 6.57 (0.10), and 6.44 (0.09) hr among individuals of Mexican, Cuban, Dominican, Central American, Puerto Rican, and South American heritage, respectively. Sleep maintenance efficiency ranged from 89.2 (0.2)% in Mexicans to 86.5 (0.4)% in Puerto Ricans, while the sleep fragmentation index ranged from 19.7 (0.3)% in Mexicans to 24.2 (0.7)% in Puerto Ricans. In multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, season, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, and comorbidities, these differences persisted. There are important differences in actigraphically measured sleep across U.S. Hispanic/Latino heritages. Individuals of Mexican heritage have longer and more consolidated sleep, while those of Puerto Rican heritage have shorter and more fragmented sleep. These differences may have clinically important effects on health outcomes.
| S-EPMC6251655 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Among US Hispanics/Latinos, the largest ethnic minority population in the United States, hypertension incidence has not been thoroughly reported. The goal of this study was to describe the incidence of hypertension among US Hispanic/Latino men and women of diverse Hispanic/Latino background. Methods and Results We studied 6171 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a diverse group of self-identified Hispanics/Latinos from 4 US urban communities, aged 18 to 74 years, and free from hypertension in 2008 to 2011 and re-examined in 2014 to 2017. Hypertension was defined as self-reported use of anti-hypertension medication, or measured systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. Results were weighted given the complex survey design to reflect the target population. Among men, the 6-year age-adjusted probability of developing hypertension was 21.7% (95% CI, 19.5-24.1) and differed by Hispanic/Latino background. Specifically, the probability was significantly higher among men of Cuban (27.1%; 95% CI, 20.2-35.2) and Dominican (28.1%; 95% CI, 19.5-38.8) backgrounds compared with Mexican Americans (17.6%; 95% CI: 14.5-21.2). Among women, the 6-year age-adjusted probability of developing hypertension was 19.7% (95% CI, 18.1-21.5) and also differed by Hispanic/Latino background. Specifically, the probability was significantly higher among women of Cuban (22.6%; 95% CI, 18.3-27.5), Dominican (23.3%; 95% CI, 18.0-29.5), and Puerto Rican (28.2%; 95% CI, 22.7-34.4) backgrounds compared with Mexican Americans (16.0%; 95% CI, 13.9-18.4). Conclusions Hypertension incidence varies by Hispanic/Latino background, with highest incidence among those of Caribbean background.
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