ClC-2 knockdown prevents cerebrovascular remodeling via inhibition of the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway.

ABSTRACT: Background:Mishandling of intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration ([Cl-]i) in cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells is implicated in several pathological processes, including hyperplasia and remodeling. We investigated the effects of ClC-2-mediated Cl- efflux on the proliferation of human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs) induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Methods:Cell proliferation and motility were determined using the CCK-8, bromodeoxyuridine staining, wound healing and invasion assays. ClC-2, PCNA, Ki67, survivin and cyclin D1 expression, and ?-catenin and GSK-3? phosphorylation were examined using western blotting. Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and ?-SMA staining. Results:Our results showed that AngII-induced HBVSMC proliferation was accompanied by a decrease in [Cl-]i and an increase in ClC-2 expression. Inhibition of ClC-2 by siRNA prevented AngII from inducing the efflux of Cl-. AngII-induced HBVSMC proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly attenuated by ClC-2 downregulation. The inhibitory effects of ClC-2 knockout on HBVSMC proliferation and motility were associated with inactivation of the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway, as evidenced by inhibition of ?-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and decrease of GSK-3? phosphorylation and survivin and cyclin D1 expression. Recombinant Wnt3a treatment markedly reversed the effect of ClC-2 knockdown on HBVSMC viability. An in vivo study revealed that knockdown of ClC-2 with shRNA adenovirus ameliorated basilar artery remodeling by inhibiting Wnt/?-catenin signaling in AngII-treated mice. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that blocking ClC-2-mediated Cl- efflux inhibits AngII-induced cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting the Wnt/?-catenin pathway. Our data indicate that downregulation of ClC-2 may be a viable strategy in the prevention of hyperplasia and remodeling of cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells.

SUBMITTER: Lu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6022329 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature