Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy.

ABSTRACT: A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit is the central component of frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). However, its response speed is often insufficient, and limits the FM-AFM imaging speed. To overcome this issue, we propose a PLL design that enables high-speed FM-AFM. We discuss the main problems with the conventional PLL design and their possible solutions. In the conventional design, a low-pass filter with relatively high latency is used in the phase feedback loop, leading to a slow response of the PLL. In the proposed design, a phase detector with a low-latency high-pass filter is located outside the phase feedback loop, while a subtraction-based phase comparator with negligible latency is located inside the loop. This design minimizes the latency within the phase feedba

SUBMITTER: Miyata K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6037018 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature