Dataset Information

Increased efficiency of brain connectivity networks in veterans with suicide attempts.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Suicide is a public health concern for United States veterans and civilians. Prior research has shown neurobiological factors in suicide. However, studies of neuroimaging correlates of suicide risk have been limited. This study applied complex weighted network analyses to characterize the neural connectivity in white matter in veterans with suicide behavior.

Methods

Twenty-eight veterans without suicide behavior (NS), 29 with a history of suicidal ideation only (SI), and 23 with prior suicide attempt (SA) completed diffusion tensor brain imaging, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Structural connectivity networks among 82 parcellated brain regions were produced using whole-brain tractography. Global and nodal metrics of network topology have been calculated.

Results

SA had shorter characteristic path length and greater global efficiency and mean weighted degree of global network metrics (p?p?p?=?0.001).

Conclusion

Veterans with prior suicide attempt had altered connectivity networks characteristics in the white matter. These findings may be distinctive neurobiological markers for individuals with suicide attempt. Strong connectivity in the left PCC may be implicated in impulsivity in veterans with suicide attempt.

SUBMITTER: Hwang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6086217 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Increased efficiency of brain connectivity networks in veterans with suicide attempts.

Hwang Jaeuk J Legarreta Margaret M Bueler Charles Elliott CE DiMuzio Jennifer J McGlade Erin E Lyoo In Kyoon IK Yurgelun-Todd Deborah D

NeuroImage. Clinical 20180423

<h4>Background</h4>Suicide is a public health concern for United States veterans and civilians. Prior research has shown neurobiological factors in suicide. However, studies of neuroimaging correlates of suicide risk have been limited. This study applied complex weighted network analyses to characterize the neural connectivity in white matter in veterans with suicide behavior.<h4>Methods</h4>Twenty-eight veterans without suicide behavior (NS), 29 with a history of suicidal ideation only (SI), an ...[more]

PMID: 30105203

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Project description:ImportancePeople with disability are at heightened risk for suicide ideation, planning, and attempt, with risk growing as the number of disabling limitations increases. Military veterans have higher rates of suicide deaths and disability relative to nonveterans.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether veteran status is associated with greater risk for suicide in those with disability.Design, setting, and participantsThis survey study used cross-sectional self-reported data from US adults who participated in the 2015-2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Data were weighted to represent the population. Data analysis was conducted from July to August 2022.Main outcomes and measuresSuicide ideation, planning, and attempt served as primary outcomes. Disability status (present or absent) and number of disabling limitations (1, 2, or ≥3) served as factors. Veteran status was determined based on self-report (veteran or nonveteran). Multivariable logistic regression examined suicide ideation, planning, and attempt as a function of veteran status and disability variables.ResultsParticipants included 231 099 US veterans and nonveterans, representing 236 551 727 US adults, of whom 20.03% (weighted n = 47 397 876) reported a disabling limitation, 8.92% were veterans (weighted n = 21 111 727; 16.0% aged 35-49 years; 91.0% men; 6.7% Hispanic; 10.9% non-Hispanic Black; and 78.4% non-Hispanic White) and 91.08% were nonveterans (weighted n = 215 440 000; 25.4% aged 35-49 years; 44.0% male; 16.5% Hispanic; 11.7% non-Hispanic Black; and 63.3% non-Hispanic White). Overall, 4.39% reported suicide ideation, planning, or attempt (weighted n = 10 401 065). Among those with no disability, veteran status was associated with higher risk of suicide planning (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.71; 95% CI, 1.17-2.49). Among those with 1 or 2 disabling limitations, being a veteran was associated with a lower risk of suicide planning (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95) and history of attempt (AOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.88).Conclusions and relevanceIn this study of how suicide risk differs as a function of disability and veteran status, risk for death by suicide was lower among veterans with disability relative to nonveterans with disability. Veteran status may mitigate risk for suicide given increased receipt of more disability-related care through the Department of Veterans Affairs. Further research would extend this line of inquiry by examining the cause and type of disability as well as perceptions of disability on self-worth. It is possible that physical wounds of war are protective because of the meaning and value of service to one's country.

Project description:ImportanceUS veterans have a higher risk of suicide than the general civilian population. Research suggests that COVID-19 infection is associated with increased risk of suicide attempts or other forms of self-directed violence (SDV) among veterans.ObjectiveTo identify subgroups of veterans with high risk of post-COVID-19 suicide attempts or SDV.Design, setting, and participantsThis is a retrospective cohort study conducted using data from the Veteran Health Administration (VHA). Participants included VHA enrollees with a first case of COVID-19 between May 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022, residing in the 50 states or Washington, DC.ExposureCOVID-19 infection.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome was a suicide attempt or SDV 12 months after COVID-19 infection. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups. Outcome rates and 95% CIs per 10 000 veterans were calculated. Multinomial regressions were used to model outcome risk and marginal risk ratios with 99.5% CIs to compare outcome risk across latent classes.ResultsThe cohort included 285 235 veterans with COVID-19 and was predominantly male (248 118 veterans [87.0%]) and younger than 65 years (171 636 veterans [60.2%]). Chronic pain (152 788 veterans [53.6%]), depression (98 093 veterans [34.4%]), and posttraumatic stress disorder (79 462 veterans [27.9%]) diagnoses were common. The 12-month outcome rate was 73.8 events per 10 000 (95% CI, 70.7-77.0 events per 10 000). Two latent classes with high rates of suicide attempt or SDV were identified. The first high-risk subgroup (46 693 veterans [16.4%]) was older (34 472 veterans [73.8%] aged ≥65 years) and had a high prevalence of physical conditions (43 329 veterans [92.8%] had hypertension, and 36 824 veterans [78.9%] had chronic pain); the 12-month outcome rate was 103.7 events per 10 000 (95% CI, 94.7-113.3 events per 10 000). The second high-risk subgroup (82 309 veterans [28.9%]) was generally younger (68 822 veterans [83.6%] aged <65 years) with a lower prevalence of physical conditions but high prevalence of mental health conditions (61 367 veterans [74.6%] had depression, and 50 073 veterans [60.8%] had posttraumatic stress disorder); the 12-month outcome rate was 162.9 events per 10 000 (95% CI, 154.5-171.8 events per 10 000), and compared with the lowest risk subgroup, the 12-month risk of suicide attempts or SDV was 14 times higher in this subgroup (risk ratio, 14.23; 99.5% CI, 10.22-19.80).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of veterans with COVID-19, 2 veteran subgroups with distinct health profiles had high rates of suicide attempts and SDV, suggesting that different groups may require different approaches to suicide prevention after COVID-19.

Project description:IntroductionAn average of 17.5 Veterans died by suicide each day in 2021, highlighting the importance of research and prevention efforts aimed at suicide risk. Attentional processes have emerged as a possible predictor of suicide behaviors (SB), yet associated neural correlates remain understudied, particularly in the Veteran population.MethodsThe current study examines sustained and selective attention performance as indexed by the Ruff 2 & 7 Selective Attention Test and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume as they relate to SB in Veterans. A subset of Veterans also completed a structural magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Participants were grouped on history of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempt (SA), and no SB (HC).ResultsAnalyses from the Ruff 2 & 7 test showed that Veterans with a history of SA performed more slowly on Automatic Detection Speed (ADS) and Controlled Search Speed (CSS) compared to Veterans with SI and no SB. SI and SA group differences on ADS and CSS remained after Bonferroni correction, and CSS differences remained after controlling for depressive and anxious symptoms. There were no between-group differences on Ruff 2 & 7 Accuracy measures. When analyses were divided by sex, males with a history of SA performed more slowly than SI and HC on ADS and more slowly on CSS and Total Speed than males with a history of SI. Results remained significant after controlling for depressive and anxious symptoms. When Bonferroni corrections were applied, males with a history of SA performed more slowly on ADS, CSS, and Total Speed compared to males with a history of SI. Female Veterans with a history of SA performed more slowly than female HC on CSS only; however, these findings were no longer significant after controlling for depressive and anxious symptoms. No significant differences were found between female groups on ADS or Total Speed. Measures of left rostral ACC gray matter (GM) volume for the combined female and male Veteran sample were positively correlated with ADS and CSS scores in HC but not SA. Conversely, right rostral ACC GM volume negatively correlated with ADS and CSS scores in the SA group but not HC. Right rostral ACC white matter volume correlated positively with ADS and CSS in HC.DiscussionThese findings highlight associations between attention speed, ACC volume, and SB even after controlling for acute mood symptoms, in addition to emphasizing the importance of including sex in analyses.

Dataset Information

Increased efficiency of brain connectivity networks in veterans with suicide attempts.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Increased efficiency of brain connectivity networks in veterans with suicide attempts.

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