Structure-function comparisons of (p)ppApp vs (p)ppGpp for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding sites and for rrnB P1 promoter regulatory responses in vitro.

ABSTRACT: Precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for bacteria to respond to changing environmental conditions. In addition to protein factors affecting RNA polymerase (RNAP) activity, second messengers play an important role in transcription regulation, such as well-known effectors of the stringent response: guanosine 5'triphosphate-3'diphosphate and guanosine 3', 5'-bis(diphosphate) [(p)ppGpp]. Although much is known about importance of the 5' and 3' moieties of (p)ppGpp, the role of the guanine base remains somewhat cryptic. Here, we use (p)ppGpp's adenine analogs [(p)ppApp] to investigate how the nucleobase contributes to determine its binding site and transcriptional regulation. We determined X-ray crystal structure of Escherichia coli RNAP-(p)ppApp complex, which shows the analogs bin

SUBMITTER: Bruhn-Olszewska B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6114088 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature