Dataset Information

Reaching the WHO target of testing persons in jails in prisons will need diverse efforts and resources.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The Caribbean is the second most affected region in the world by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIV prevalence is significantly higher among persons in jails and prisons than in the free population. The aim of our study was to assess the screening rates of HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis and human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 among newly-arrived persons in 2014, at Ducos facility in Martinique and the testing process performance.

Methods

This is an observational monocentric study conducted within the prison's health unit. The study population consisted of all individuals incarcerated between 01/01/14 and 31/12/14. At the initial medical visit, HIV and STI testing were proposed to every newcomer. The rate of acceptance was calculated, as well as the screening process performance.

Results

In 2014 778 new persons were incarcerated, among those, 461 (59.3%) were tested. The main reasons for missing the testing opportunity were due to organization of the judiciary system (persons on electronic monitoring or day parole, transferred or quickly released before completion of the process) or to individual refusal. Finally, 75 persons did not get their results (all of them negative), 41 of them due to the medical staff work overload.

Conclusions

HIV and STI testing rates among newcomers at Ducos have notable room for improvement. The future availability of combined (HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis) rapid tests may be very useful in case of short term incarceration, if their cost is not prohibitive. Reaching higher levels of testing will also require more resources.

SUBMITTER: Abel S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6116985 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Reaching the WHO target of testing persons in jails in prisons will need diverse efforts and resources.

Abel Sylvie S Cuzin Lise L Da Cunha Séverine S Bolivard Jean-Marie JM Fagour Laurence L Miossec Charline C Pircher Mathilde M Thioune Marême M Césaire Raymond R Cabié André A

PloS one 20180830 8

<h4>Background</h4>The Caribbean is the second most affected region in the world by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIV prevalence is significantly higher among persons in jails and prisons than in the free population. The aim of our study was to assess the screening rates of HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis and human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 among newly-arrived persons in 2014, at Ducos facility in Martinique and the testing process performance.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an observatio ...[more]

PMID: 30161176

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundPregnant individuals in incarcerated settings have unique healthcare needs. Rates of mental health, infectious diseases, and chronic disease are higher among nonpregnant incarcerated women compared with those who are not, but the prevalence of these conditions among pregnant people in custody has not been documented.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of metabolic, infectious, and mental health conditions in pregnant people to identify the medical needs of high-risk pregnancies in US state prisons and local jails.Study designThis was a prospective epidemiologic surveillance of a convenience sample of state prisons (n = 20) and local jails (n = 3).MethodsWe used purposive and snowball sampling to recruit a national sample of prisons and jails of a range of sizes and geographies. Reporters submitted to our study database monthly data on selected pregnancy comorbidities for 6 months between 2016 and 2017. Screening, diagnosis, and tracking of these conditions are derived from each facility's medical record and health care delivery systems.ResultsOf the 445 newly admitted pregnant people in prisons and 243 in jails, the most prevalent conditions were mental health conditions and hepatitis C. Specifically, 34.1% (n = 152) in prison and 23.5% (n = 57) in jail had a substance use disorder, and 27.4% (n = 122) of those in prison and 17.7% (n = 43) in jail had a psychiatric diagnosis. Finally, 20.2% (n = 91) in prison and 6.6% (n = 16) in jail had hepatitis C.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that chronic medical and mental health conditions are prevalent among pregnant people in US prisons and jails. However, significant variability in the reported number of cases of these conditions from state to state and between facility types implies a lack of or inadequate screening practices. These data indicate the need for comprehensive screening and appropriate care for the complex needs of pregnant incarcerated people.

Project description:ImportanceAlthough incarcerated individuals experience higher rates of chronic conditions, little is known regarding the use of prescription medications in jails and prisons in the US.ObjectiveTo characterize treatment with prescription medications in jails and state prisons relative to noncorrectional settings in the US.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional analysis using 2018 to 2020 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated the prevalence of disease among recently incarcerated and nonincarcerated adults in the US. The study used 2018 to 2020 IQVIA's National Sales Perspective (NSP) to quantify the distribution of medications to incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations. The NSP provides national dollar and unit sales of prescription medications across multiple distribution channels, including prisons and jails. The study population included incarcerated and nonincarcerated individuals from NSDUH. Seven common chronic conditions were assessed. Data were analyzed in May 2022.ExposuresMedications being sent to correctional facilities vs all other settings in the US.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcomes were distribution of medications to treat diabetes, asthma, hypertension, hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), depression, and severe mental illness to incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations.ResultsThe proportion of pharmaceuticals distributed to jails and state prisons to treat type 2 diabetes (0.15%), asthma (0.15%), hypertension (0.18%), hepatitis B or C (1.68%), HIV (0.73%), depression (0.36%), and severe mental illness (0.48%) was much lower compared with the relative burden of disease among this population. The incarcerated population in state prisons and jails accounted for 0.44% (95% CI, 0.34%-0.56%) of estimated individuals with diabetes, 0.85% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.06%) of individuals with asthma, 0.42% (95% CI, 0.35%-0.51%) of hypertension, 3.13% (95% CI, 2.53%-3.84%) of hepatitis B or C, 2.20% (95% CI, 1.51%-3.19%) of HIV, 1.46% (95% CI, 1.33%-1.59%) of depression, and 1.97% (95% CI, 1.81%-2.14%) of severe mental illness. After adjusting for disease prevalence, the relative disparity was 2.9-fold for diabetes, 5.5-fold for asthma, 2.4-fold for hypertension, 1.9-fold for hepatitis B or C, 3.0-fold for HIV, 4.1-fold for depression, and 4.1-fold for severe mental illness.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional, descriptive study of the distribution of prescription medications for chronic conditions in jails and state prisons, the findings suggest that there may be underuse of pharmacological treatment in correctional facilities relative to the nonincarcerated population. These findings, which require further investigation, may reflect inadequate care in jails and prisons and represent a critical public health issue.

Project description:BackgroundIncarceration provides an opportunity for engagement in HIV care but is associated with poor HIV treatment outcomes after release. We aimed to assess post-release linkage to HIV care (LTC) and the effect of transitional case management services.MethodsTo create a retrospective cohort of all adults with HIV released from jails and prisons in Connecticut, USA (2007-14), we linked administrative custody and pharmacy databases with mandatory HIV/AIDS surveillance monitoring and case management data. We examined time to LTC (defined as first viral load measurement after release) and viral suppression at LTC. We used generalised estimating equations to show predictors of LTC within 14 days and 30 days of release.FindingsAmong 3302 incarceration periods for 1350 individuals between 2007 and 2014, 672 (21%) of 3181 periods had LTC within 14 days of release, 1042 (34%) of 3064 had LTC within 30 days of release, and 301 (29%) of 1042 had detectable viral loads at LTC. Factors positively associated with LTC within 14 days of release are intermediate (31-364 days) incarceration duration (adjusted odds ratio 1·52; 95% CI 1·19-1·95), and transitional case management (1·65; 1·36-1·99), receipt of antiretroviral therapy during incarceration (1·39; 1·11-1·74), and two or more medical comorbidities (1·86; 1·48-2·36). Reincarceration (0·70; 0·56-0·88) and conditional release (0·62; 0·50-0·78) were negatively associated with LTC within 14 days. Hispanic ethnicity, bonded release, and psychiatric comorbidity were also associated with LTC within 30 days but reincarceration was not.InterpretationLTC after release is suboptimal but improves when inmates' medical, psychiatric, and case management needs are identified and addressed before release. People who are rapidly cycling through jail facilities are particularly vulnerable to missed linkage opportunities. The use of integrated programmes to align justice and health-care goals has great potential to improve long-term HIV treatment outcomes.FundingUS National Institutes of Health.

Dataset Information

Reaching the WHO target of testing persons in jails in prisons will need diverse efforts and resources.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Reaching the WHO target of testing persons in jails in prisons will need diverse efforts and resources.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets