Hallmarks of primate lentiviral immunodeficiency infection recapitulate loss of innate lymphoid cells.

ABSTRACT: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in mucosal barrier defense and tissue homeostasis. While ILCs are depleted in HIV-1 infection, this phenomenon is not a generalized feature of all viral infections. Here we show in untreated SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) that ILC3s are lost rapidly in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), yet preserved in SIV⁺ RMs with pharmacologic or natural control of viremia. In healthy uninfected RMs, experimental depletion of CD4⁺ T cells in combination with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is sufficient to reduce ILC frequencies in the MLN. In this setting and in chronic SIV⁺ RMs, IL-7Rα chain expression diminishes on ILC3s in contrast to the IL-18Rα chain expression which remains stable. In HIV-uninfected patients with dura

SUBMITTER: Mudd JC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6160474 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature