LPS and palmitate synergistically stimulate sphingosine kinase 1 and increase sphingosine 1 phosphate in RAW264.7 macrophages.

ABSTRACT: It has been well established that patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS) have increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis, an oral infection initiated by bacteria and characterized by tissue inflammation and destruction. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we have shown that saturated fatty acid (SFA), which is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes or MetS, and LPS, an important pathogenic factor for periodontitis, synergistically stimulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by increasing ceramide production. However, the mechanisms by which increased ceramide enhances proinflammatory cytokine expression have not been well understood. Since sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) is a metabolite of ceramide and a bioactive lipid, we tested our hypoth

SUBMITTER: Jin J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6162112 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature