Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways and Extracellular Vesicles.

ABSTRACT: Helminth parasites are masters at manipulating host immune responses, using an array of sophisticated mechanisms. One of the major mechanisms enabling helminths to establish chronic infections is the targeting of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and the inflammasome. Given the critical role of these receptors and their intracellular pathways in regulating innate inflammatory responses, and also directing adaptive immunity toward Th1 and Th2 responses, recognition of the pathways triggered and/or modulated by helminths and their products will provide detailed insights about how helminths are able to establish an immunoregulatory environment. However, helminths also target PRRs-independent mechanisms (and most likely other yet unkno

SUBMITTER: Zakeri A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6194161 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature