Advanced surveillance and preparedness to meet a new era of invasive vectors and emerging vector-borne diseases.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kading RC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6201877 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Advanced surveillance and preparedness to meet a new era of invasive vectors and emerging vector-borne diseases.
Kading Rebekah C RC Golnar Andrew J AJ Hamer Sarah A SA Hamer Gabriel L GL
PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20181025 10
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Project description:After a request from the European Commission, EFSA's Panel on Animal Health and Welfare summarised the main characteristics of 36 vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in https://efsa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/PublicGallery/index.html?appid=dfbeac92aea944599ed1eb754aa5e6d1. The risk of introduction in the EU through movement of livestock or pets was assessed for each of the 36 VBDs individually, using a semiquantitative Method to INTegrate all relevant RISK aspects (MINTRISK model), which was further modified to a European scale into the http://www3.lei.wur.nl/mintrisk/ModelMgt.aspx. Only eight of the 36 VBD-agents had an overall rate of introduction in the EU (being the combination of the rate of entry, vector transmission and establishment) which was estimated to be above 0.001 introductions per year. These were Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, bluetongue virus, West Nile virus, Schmallenberg virus, Hepatozoon canis, Leishmania infantum, Bunyamwera virus and Highlands J. virus. For these eight diseases, the annual extent of spread was assessed, assuming the implementation of available, authorised prevention and control measures in the EU. Further, the probability of overwintering was assessed, as well as the possible impact of the VBDs on public health, animal health and farm production. For the other 28 VBD-agents for which the rate of introduction was estimated to be very low, no further assessments were made. Due to the uncertainty related to some parameters used for the risk assessment or the instable or unpredictability disease situation in some of the source regions, it is recommended to update the assessment when new information becomes available. Since this risk assessment was carried out for large regions in the EU for many VBD-agents, it should be considered as a first screening. If a more detailed risk assessment for a specific VBD is wished for on a national or subnational level, the EFSA-VBD-RISK-model is freely available for this purpose.
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Project description:The ecology of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) is an important system of great complexity, which involves the knowledge about the pathogens and animal species entailed in maintaining transmission cycles in a given locality, including those that act as vectors and reservoirs for the transmitted pathogens. To understand the ecology of some VBDs, we studied vectors, reservoirs, and pathogens of different VBDs, including dengue, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, malaria, Zika, and chikungunya in the municipality of La Mesa, Cundinamarca, Colombia, a locality close to the capital, Bogotá. Vectors and mammals were sampled in urban and rural areas between May and August 2019. Molecular analyses were performed for the detection of pathogens in mammals and vectors, and of blood-meal sources in insects. Several vectors and mammals collected in this study have been involved in pathogen transmission cycles or may have a potential role in them. The findings of this study suggest that in the municipality of La Mesa, there are both vector and potential reservoir species, which are or could be implicated in the maintenance of the cycles of vector-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Although arbovirus infections, such as dengue, are reported in the municipality, arbovirus presence was not detected. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance of vectors and associated control operations in La Mesa, of relevance to other locations where vectors and animal hosts also occur.
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Project description:IntroductionMultifactorial determinants of vector presence, distribution and ability of transmitting diseases, demand holistic approaches that consider eco-biosocial factors, such as One Health (OH), and engage institutions and communities to reduce vulnerability to vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Although the importance of multisectoral, multilevel and multigroup collaboration for prevention and preparedness to VBDs has been promoted by international guidance, evidence about practical experiences adopting a OH approach needs to be gathered and enabling factors for a successful governance highlighted.MethodsThis study included a rapid literature review coupled with a stakeholder consultation process.ResultsThe peer-reviewed literature search identified 1674 articles and 13 articles were finally included in the review. The collaboration and coordination of different sectors and stakeholders allowed to focus resources, and share knowledge and perspectives. To support coordination and collaboration among the stakeholders synergistic interaction mechanisms were created, such as working groups and committees, and connection agents emerged as the main link between institution and communities. These synergies allowed to target the multidimensional drivers of VBDs, supported transversal capacity building and an holistic monitoring evaluation framework, and improved effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions.ConclusionA OH model highlighting enabling factors for multisectoral, multilevel and multigroup interventions for VBDs prevention and preparedness was developed to support decision-makers and key stakeholders to deal with a OH governance.
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