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Temporal regulation of morphogenetic events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

ABSTRACT: Tip growth in fungi involves highly polarized secretion and modification of the cell wall at the growing tip. The genetic requirements for initiating polarized growth are perhaps best understood for the model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Once the cell is committed to enter the cell cycle by activation of G1 cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes, the polarity regulator Cdc42 becomes concentrated at the presumptive bud site, actin cables are oriented toward that site, and septin filaments assemble into a ring around the polarity site. Several minutes later, the bud emerges. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate the timing of these events at the single-cell level. Septin recruitment was delayed relative to polarity establishment, and our findings suggest that a CDK-dependent septin "priming" facilitates septin recruitment by Cdc42. Bud emergence was delayed relative to the initiation of polarized secretion, and our findings suggest that the delay reflects the time needed to weaken the cell wall sufficiently for the cell to bud. Rho1 activation by Rom2 occurred at around the time of bud emergence, perhaps in response to local cell-wall weakening. This report reveals regulatory mechanisms underlying the morphogenetic events in the budding yeast.

SUBMITTER: Lai H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6232962 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Temporal regulation of morphogenetic events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Lai Helen H Chiou Jian-Geng JG Zhurikhina Anastasia A Zyla Trevin R TR Tsygankov Denis D Lew Daniel J DJ

Molecular biology of the cell 20180621 17

Tip growth in fungi involves highly polarized secretion and modification of the cell wall at the growing tip. The genetic requirements for initiating polarized growth are perhaps best understood for the model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Once the cell is committed to enter the cell cycle by activation of G1 cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes, the polarity regulator Cdc42 becomes concentrated at the presumptive bud site, actin cables are oriented toward that site, and septi ...[more]

PMID: 29927361

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Project description:BackgroundConsiderable interest in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol has led to metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation of xylose. In the present study, the transcriptome and proteome of recombinant, xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae grown in aerobic batch cultures on xylose were compared with those of glucose-grown cells both in glucose repressed and derepressed states. The aim was to study at the genome-wide level how signalling and carbon catabolite repression differ in cells grown on either glucose or xylose. The more detailed knowledge whether xylose is sensed as a fermentable carbon source, capable of catabolite repression like glucose, or is rather recognised as a non-fermentable carbon source is important for further engineering this yeast for more efficient anaerobic fermentation of xylose.ResultsGenes encoding respiratory proteins, proteins of the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles, and gluconeogenesis were only partially repressed by xylose, similar to the genes encoding their transcriptional regulators HAP4, CAT8 and SIP1-2 and 4. Several genes that are repressed via the Snf1p/Mig1p-pathway during growth on glucose had higher expression in the cells grown on xylose than in the glucose repressed cells but lower than in the glucose derepressed cells. The observed expression profiles of the transcription repressor RGT1 and its target genes HXT2-3, encoding hexose transporters suggested that extracellular xylose was sensed by the glucose sensors Rgt2p and Snf3p. Proteome analyses revealed distinct patterns in phosphorylation of hexokinase 2, glucokinase and enolase isoenzymes in the xylose- and glucose-grown cells.ConclusionThe results indicate that the metabolism of yeast growing on xylose corresponds neither to that of fully glucose repressed cells nor that of derepressed cells. This may be one of the major reasons for the suboptimal fermentation of xylose by recombinant S. cerevisiae strains. Phosphorylation of different isoforms of glycolytic enzymes suggests that regulation of glycolysis also occurred at a post-translational level, supporting prior findings.

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Temporal regulation of morphogenetic events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Publications

Temporal regulation of morphogenetic events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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