Mapping the Heterogeneous Phenotype of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Using Normative Models.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe and complex brain disorders characterized by substantial clinical and biological heterogeneity. However, case-control studies often ignore such heterogeneity through their focus on the average patient, which may be the core reason for a lack of robust biomarkers indicative of an individual's treatment response and outcome.

Objectives

To investigate the degree to which case-control analyses disguise interindividual differences in brain structure among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and to map the brain alterations linked to these disorders at the level of individual patients.

Design, setting, and participants

This study used cross-sectional, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from parti

SUBMITTER: Wolfers T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6248110 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature