Dataset Information

Adolescents' Aided Recall of Targeted and Non-Targeted Tobacco Communication Campaigns in the United States.

ABSTRACT: We examined whether advertisements from two national tobacco control campaigns targeting adolescents (i.e., The Real Cost, Fresh Empire) and one campaign targeting adults (i.e., Tips from Former Smokers) were reaching adolescents. Data came from a national sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (n = 975) surveyed by phone from August 2016 to May 2017. We assessed recall and attitudes toward five specific advertisements and three campaign slogans and examined differences by sub-groups. Almost all (95%) adolescents recalled seeing at least one campaign advertisement. Aided recall of The Real Cost and Tips from Former Smokers slogans was high (65.5% and 71.6%, respectively), while aided recall of Fresh Empire slogan was lower (15.3%) (?² p-value: p < 0.001); however, Black adolescents had higher odds of recalling the Fresh Empire ad (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.73) and slogan (aOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 6.54) compared to White adolescents. Increased exposure to the advertisements (i.e., recalling more advertisements) was significantly associated with higher odds of reporting negative feelings toward tobacco products in 4/5 models (aORs from 1.34 to 1.61). Large-scale national campaigns can have wide reach among both targeted and non-targeted audiences with added benefits for cumulative cross-campaign exposure to advertisements.

SUBMITTER: Kowitt SD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6266583 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adolescents' Aided Recall of Targeted and Non-Targeted Tobacco Communication Campaigns in the United States.

Kowitt Sarah D SD Lazard Allison J AJ Queen Tara L TL Noar Seth M SM Goldstein Adam O AO

International journal of environmental research and public health 20181025 11

We examined whether advertisements from two national tobacco control campaigns targeting adolescents (i.e., The Real Cost, Fresh Empire) and one campaign targeting adults (i.e., Tips from Former Smokers) were reaching adolescents. Data came from a national sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (n = 975) surveyed by phone from August 2016 to May 2017. We assessed recall and attitudes toward five specific advertisements and three campaign slogans and examined differ ...[more]

PMID: 30366436

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Project description:IntroductionThis study examines the proportion of the United States adolescents and adults who are variable (ie, at least one change in gender identity) versus stable in their gender identities over time, and whether they differ significantly in their nicotine/tobacco use after adjusting for key covariates.MethodsWe fit multivariable logistic regression models to data from Waves 2-4 (2014/15-2016/18) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH), a nationally representative study (n = 33 197 U.S. adolescents and adults aged ≥14 years). We examined associations of gender stability/variability over three waves with tobacco use at wave 4 (2016-2018). Differences in any past 30-day tobacco, cigarette, e-cigarette, other tobacco, and poly-tobacco use were assessed among cisgender-stable, transgender-stable, and gender-varying respondents.ResultsAn estimated 1.0% of adolescents and adults were classified as gender-varying. Prevalence of any past 30-day tobacco use was higher among gender-varying individuals (42.7%) than among gender-stable individuals (transgender-stable, 37.8% and cisgender-stable, 26.7%). There were no significant differences in the odds of nicotine/tobacco use between the two gender-stable groups. However, gender-varying respondents had significant increased odds of any past 30-day tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 3.0), cigarette use (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.5), e-cigarette use (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4-3.5), other tobacco use (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4 to 3.4), and poly-tobacco use (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.1) compared with cisgender-stable individuals.ConclusionsGender-varying individuals are at higher risk for nicotine/tobacco use, placing them at greater risk for tobacco-related health consequences.ImplicationsDespite increased knowledge about transgender health in recent years, there remains a paucity of research about gender-varying individuals. This study is the first to examine the proportion of gender-varying individuals in the United States using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample and to explore differences in nicotine/tobacco use among gender-varying and gender-stable individuals. Our findings suggest that gender-varying people have an increased risk for nicotine/tobacco use, placing them at higher risk for tobacco-related health consequences. This study increases knowledge about nicotine/tobacco use among this under-represented population in research and underscores the importance of developing an awareness of gender diversity.

Project description:ObjectiveTo assess changes in engagement with online tobacco and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) marketing (online tobacco marketing) among adolescents in the United States between 2013 and 2015.MethodsWe assessed the prevalence of six forms of engagement with online tobacco marketing, both overall and by brand, among adolescents sampled in Wave 1 (2013-2014; n = 13651) and Wave 2 (2014-2015; n = 12172) of the nationally representative Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study. Engagement was analyzed by tobacco use status: non-susceptible never tobacco users; susceptible never tobacco users; ever tobacco users, but not within the past year; and past-year tobacco users.ResultsAmong all adolescents, the estimated prevalence of engagement with at least one form of online tobacco marketing increased from 8.7% in 2013-2014 to 20.9% in 2014-2015. The estimated prevalence of engagement also increased over time across all tobacco use statuses (eg, from 10.5% to 26.6% among susceptible adolescents). Brand-specific engagement increased over time for cigarette, cigar, and e-cigarette brands.ConclusionEngagement with online tobacco marketing, both for tobacco and e-cigarettes, increased almost twofold over time. This increase emphasizes the dynamic nature of online tobacco marketing and its ability to reach youth. The Food and Drug Administration, in cooperation with social networking sites, should consider new approaches to regulate this novel form of marketing.ImplicationsThis is the first study to estimate the national prevalence of engagement with online tobacco marketing among adolescents over time. The estimated prevalence of this engagement approximately doubled between 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 among all adolescents and, notably, among adolescents at relatively low risk to initiate tobacco use. This increase in engagement could represent public health harm if it results in increased initiation and use of tobacco products. Stronger federal regulation of online tobacco marketing and tighter control of access to tobacco-related content by social media sites could reduce adolescents' exposure to and engagement with online tobacco marketing.

Project description:Americans are increasingly relying on crowdfunding to pay for the costs of healthcare. In medical crowdfunding (MCF), online platforms allow individuals to appeal to social networks to request donations for health and medical needs. Users are often told that success depends on how they organize and share their campaigns to increase social network engagement. However, experts have cautioned that MCF could exacerbate health and social disparities by amplifying the choices (and biases) of the crowd and leveraging these to determine who has access to financial support for healthcare. To date, research on potential axes of disparity in MCF, and their impacts on fundraising outcomes, has been limited. To answer these questions, this paper presents an exploratory cross-sectional study of a randomized sample of 637 MCF campaigns on the popular platform GoFundMe, for which the race, gender, age, and relationships of campaigners and campaign recipients were categorized alongside campaign characteristics and outcomes. Using both descriptive and inferential statistics, the analysis examines race, gender, and age disparities in MCF use, and tests how these are associated with differential campaign outcomes. The results show systemic disparities in MCF use and outcomes: people of color (and black women in particular) are under-represented; there is significant evidence of an additional digital care labor burden on women organizers of campaigns; and marginalized race and gender groups are associated with poorer fundraising outcomes. Outcomes are only minimally associated with campaign characteristics under users' control, such as photos, videos, and updates. These results corroborate widespread concerns with how technology fuels health inequities, and how crowdfunding may be creating an unequal and biased marketplace for those seeking financial support to access healthcare. Further research and better data access are needed to explore these dynamics more deeply and inform policy for this largely unregulated industry.

Dataset Information

Adolescents' Aided Recall of Targeted and Non-Targeted Tobacco Communication Campaigns in the United States.

Publications

Adolescents' Aided Recall of Targeted and Non-Targeted Tobacco Communication Campaigns in the United States.

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