A unified approach for including non-extractable residues (NER) of chemicals and pesticides in the assessment of persistence.

ABSTRACT: All chemicals form non-extractable residues (NER) to various extents in environmental media like soil, sediment, plants and animals. NER can be quantified in environmental fate studies using isotope-labeled (such as ¹⁴C or ¹³C) tracer compounds. Previous NER definitions have led to a mismatch of legislation and state of knowledge in research: the residues are assumed to be either irreversibly bound degradation products or at least parts of these residues can be released. In the latter assumption, soils and sediments are a long-term source of slowly released residues. We here present a conceptual experimental and modeling approach to characterize non-extractable residues and provide guidance how they should be considered in the persistence assessment of chemicals and p

SUBMITTER: Schaffer A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6297198 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature