Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: Cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a vital role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In addition, it is a key regulator of apoptosis. Cyt c has multiple other functions including ROS production and scavenging, cardiolipin peroxidation, and mitochondrial protein import. Cyt c is tightly regulated by allosteric mechanisms, tissue-specific isoforms, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Distinct residues of Cyt c are modified by PTMs, primarily phosphorylations, in a highly tissue-specific manner. These modifications downregulate mitochondrial ETC flux and adjust the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m), to minimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under normal conditions. In pathologic and acute stress conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion, phosphorylat

SUBMITTER: Kalpage HA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6338631 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature