Properties and Units in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Coding Scheme for Clinical Laboratories.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Olesen H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6341230 | biostudies-literature | 2000 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Properties and Units in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Coding Scheme for Clinical Laboratories.
EJIFCC 20000321 1
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Project description:This document describes the introduction of the concept of property in the field of clinical and environmental human toxicology for the presentation of results of clinical laboratory investigations. It follows the IFCC-IUPAC systematic terminological rules and attempts to create a common base for communication between the clinical chemist, the medical practitioner, the human toxicologist, and the environmental toxicologist. The term designating a substance being a toxicant may be an international nonproprietary name (INN), a generic name, a registered trade name, a fantasy name, or other. This causes difficulties in the transmission of requests and reports on properties involving such substances in biological fluids and environmental media to and from laboratories, to the end user, and in the collating of this information from different sources. The document comprises a list of properties of human and environmental systems involving toxicants for use in transmitting medical laboratory data. The document recommends terms based on the format developed by the IFCC and IUPAC to facilitate interaction between disciplines and unambiguous interpretation of data, e.g. for purposes of risk interpretation. Systematic terms are presented together with a code (identified by the letters NPU) for each. The complete C-NPU Database may be found at: http://dior.imt.liu.se/C-NPU.
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Project description:Good laboratory practices (GLP) increase the quality and traceability of results in health sciences research. However, factors such as high staff turnover, insufficient resources, and a lack of training for managers may limit their implementation in research and academic laboratories. This Scoping Review aimed to identify digital tools for managing academic health sciences and experimental medicine laboratories and their relationship with good practices. Following the PRISMA-ScR 2018 criteria, a search strategy was conducted until April 2021 in the databases PUBMED, Web of Sciences, and Health Virtual Library. A critical appraisal of the selected references was conducted, followed by data charting. The search identified twenty-one eligible articles, mainly originated from high-income countries, describing the development and/or implementation of thirty-two electronic management systems. Most studies described software functionalities, while nine evaluated and discussed impacts on management, reporting both improvements in the workflow and system limitations during implementation. In general, the studies point to a contribution to different management issues related to GLP principles. In conclusion, this review identified evolving evidence that digital laboratory management systems may represent important tools in compliance with the principles of good practices in experimental medicine and health sciences research.
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Project description:IntroductionClinical microbiology laboratories are essential for diagnosing and monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we assessed the systems involved in generating, managing and analyzing blood culture data in these laboratories in an upper-middle-income country.MethodsFrom October 2023 to February 2024, we conducted a survey on the utilization of automated systems and laboratory information management systems (LIMS) for blood culture specimens in 2022 across 127 clinical microbiology laboratories (one each from 127 public referral hospitals) in Thailand. We categorized automated systems for blood culture processing into three steps: incubation, bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).ResultsOf the 81 laboratories that completed the questionnaires, the median hospital bed count was 450 (range, 150-1,387), and the median number of blood culture bottles processed was 17,351 (range, 2,900-80,330). All laboratories (100%) had an automated blood culture incubation system. Three-quarters of the laboratories (75%, n = 61) had at least one automated system for both bacterial identification and AST, about a quarter (22%, n = 18) had no automated systems for either step, and two laboratories (3%) outsourced both steps. The systems varied and were associated with the hospital level. Many laboratories utilized both automated systems and conventional methods for bacterial identification (n = 54) and AST (n = 61). For daily data management, 71 laboratories (88%) used commercial microbiology LIMS, three (4%) WHONET, three (4%) an in-house database software and four (5%) did not use any software. Many laboratories manually entered data of incubation (73%, n = 59), bacterial identification (27%, n = 22) and AST results (25%, n = 20) from their automated systems into their commercial microbiology LIMS. The most common barrier to data analysis was 'lack of time', followed by 'lack of staff with statistical skills' and 'difficulty in using analytical software'.ConclusionIn Thailand, various automated systems for blood culture and LIMS are utilized. However, barriers to data management and analysis are common. These challenges are likely present in other upper-middle-income countries. We propose that guidance and technical support for automated systems, LIMS and data analysis are needed.
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Project description:BackgroundThe Ministry of Health in Côte d'Ivoire and the International Training and Education Center for Health at the University of Washington, funded by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, have been collaborating to develop and implement the Open-Source Enterprise-Level Laboratory Information System (OpenELIS). The system is designed to improve HIV-related laboratory data management and strengthen quality management and capacity at clinical laboratories across the nation.ObjectiveThis evaluation aimed to quantify the effects of implementing OpenELIS on data quality for laboratory tests related to HIV care and treatment.MethodsThis evaluation used a quasi-experimental design to perform an interrupted time-series analysis to estimate the changes in the level and slope of 3 data quality indicators (timeliness, completeness, and validity) after OpenELIS implementation. We collected paper and electronic records on clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4) testing for 48 weeks before OpenELIS adoption until 72 weeks after. Data collection took place at 21 laboratories in 13 health regions that started using OpenELIS between 2014 and 2020. We analyzed the data at the laboratory level. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) by comparing the observed outcomes with modeled counterfactual ones when the laboratories did not adopt OpenELIS.ResultsThere was an immediate 5-fold increase in timeliness (OR 5.27, 95% CI 4.33-6.41; P<.001) and an immediate 3.6-fold increase in completeness (OR 3.59, 95% CI 2.40-5.37; P<.001). These immediate improvements were observed starting after OpenELIS installation and then maintained until 72 weeks after OpenELIS adoption. The weekly improvement in the postimplementation trend of completeness was significant (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05; P<.001). The improvement in validity was not statistically significant (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.69-2.60; P=.38), but validity did not fall below pre-OpenELIS levels.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the value of electronic laboratory information systems in improving laboratory data quality and supporting evidence-based decision-making in health care. These findings highlight the importance of OpenELIS in Côte d'Ivoire and the potential for adoption in other low- and middle-income countries with similar health systems.
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Project description:BackgroundSeveral safety-related accidents occur in the laboratories because of insufficient regulations, inappropriate implementation of safety measures, or unawareness attitude and practices toward safety precautions. Thus, establishment of efficient regulations and safe habits toward workplace safety is crucial to prevent or minimize such accidents. Here we investigate the levels of laboratory safety awareness among undergraduate medical science students and laboratory workers at major hospitals in Taif, Saudi Arabia.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 185 students and workers. The survey was categorized into five sections: (1) variable demographic items, (2) orientation around the warning signage of medical laboratory picograms, (3) assess participants' attitudes toward laboratory safety, (4) assess participants' safety awareness and practices in medical laboratories, and (5) assess participants' knowledge in dealing with emergency equipment and related procedures.ResultsData analyses indicate that workers are generally more aware of the key aspects of laboratory safety. Although students demonstrated moderate to good knowledge of major laboratory signage, there are some areas of deficiency, particularly regarding the use of fire extinguishers. Of interest is that female students are more familiar with laboratory signage than male students, although general laboratory safety awareness among students is poor. Students also showed poor awareness of certain critical aspects of safety practices and emergency procedures.ConclusionThe study data reveal inadequate awareness and knowledge of certain laboratory safety aspects among undergraduate students. Therefore, academic institutions should introduce effective safety regulations, education, and training to improve student safety.
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