Combined Toxicity of Insecticides and Fungicides Applied to California Almond Orchards to Honey Bee Larvae and Adults.

ABSTRACT: Beekeepers providing pollination services for California almond orchards have reported observing dead or malformed brood during and immediately after almond bloom-effects that they attribute to pesticide exposure. The objective of this study was to test commonly used insecticides and fungicides during almond bloom on honey bee larval development in a laboratory bioassay. In vitro rearing of worker honey bee larvae was performed to test the effect of three insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, diflubenzuron, and methoxyfenozide) and three fungicides (propiconazole, iprodione, and a mixture of boscalid-pyraclostrobin), applied alone or in insecticide-fungicide combinations, on larval development. Young worker larvae were fed diets contaminated with active ingredients at concentration ratios sim

SUBMITTER: Wade A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6359038 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature