Response of adult honey bees treated in larval stage with prochloraz to infection with Nosema ceranae.

ABSTRACT: Among numerous factors that contribute to honey bee colony losses and problems in beekeeping, pesticides and Nosema ceranae have been often reported. In contrast to insecticides, whose effects on bees have been widely studied, fungicides did not attract considerable attention. Prochloraz, an imidazole fungicide widely used in agriculture, was detected in honey and pollen stored inside hives and has been already proven to alter immune gene expression of honey bees at different developmental stages. The aim of this study was to simulate the realistic conditions of migratory beekeeping, where colonies, both uninfected and infected with N. ceranae, are frequently transported to the vicinity of crop fields treated with prochloraz. We investigated the combined effect of prochloraz

SUBMITTER: Glavinic U 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6371917 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature