Dataset Information

Laser Microdrilling of Slate Tiles.

ABSTRACT: Slate is a natural rock usually used in roofs, façades, and for tiling. In spite of this broad use, the production process of slate tiles requires substantial improvements. An important quantity of slate from the quarry is wasted during the manufacturing of the final product. Furthermore, processes are not automatized and the production lead times can be considerably shortened. Therefore, new processing methods to increase productivity, reduce costs and to provide added value to the final slate product are required. Drilling is an important part of these manufacturing processes. Conventional drilling processes usually cause the breaking of the slate tiles; then, even a higher quantity of material is wasted. To overcome these problems, lasers emerge as a feasible tool to produce holes in this material, since mechanical stresses are not induced on the workpiece. In this work, we have studied the CO₂ laser microdrilling of slate tiles. We used a Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology to determine the influence of the laser processing parameters on the hole quality. This work demonstrates the capability of a CO₂ laser to produce holes in slate with less than 100 microns in diameter, avoiding any fracture, and with a processing time of less than 50 ms per hole. Finally, this process demonstrates the viability of the production of high-density micron-sized holes in a slate tile for water draining purposes.

SUBMITTER: Penide J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6384710 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Laser Microdrilling of Slate Tiles.

Penide Joaquín J Riveiro Antonio A Soto Ramón R Boutinguiza Mohamed M Arias-Gonzalez Felipe F Del Val Jesús J Comesaña Rafael R Lusquiños Fernando F Quintero Félix F Pou Juan J

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20190128 3

Slate is a natural rock usually used in roofs, façades, and for tiling. In spite of this broad use, the production process of slate tiles requires substantial improvements. An important quantity of slate from the quarry is wasted during the manufacturing of the final product. Furthermore, processes are not automatized and the production lead times can be considerably shortened. Therefore, new processing methods to increase productivity, reduce costs and to provide added value to the final slate ...[more]

PMID: 30695996

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Project description:BackgroundThe sea spiders (Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810) of the Hunsrück Slate (Lower Devonian, ~400 million years ago) are iconic in their abundance, exquisite pyritic preservation, and in their distinctive body plan compared to extant sea spiders (Pantopoda Gerstäcker, 1863). Consequently, the Hunsrück sea spiders are important in understanding the deep evolutionary history of Pycnogonida, yet they remain poorly characterised, impacting upon attempts to establish a time-calibrated phylogeny of sea spiders.MethodsHere, we investigated previously described and new material representing four of the five Hunsrück pycnogonids: Flagellopantopus blocki Poschmann & Dunlop, 2006; Palaeoisopus problematicus Broili, 1928; Palaeopantopus maucheri Broili, 1929; and Pentapantopus vogteli Kühl, Poschmann & Rust, 2013; as well as a few unidentified specimens. Using X-ray microtomography and Reflectance Transformation Imaging, we describe new fossils, provide evidence for newly revealed anatomical features, and interpret these data in comparison to extant species. We also reinterpret the previously published illustration of the (probably lost) holotype of Palaeothea devonica Bergström, Stürmer & Winter, 1980.ResultsWe provide the first detailed description of the cephalic appendages of Palaeoisopus problematicus and revise the interpretation of the organisation of its ocular tubercle. Furthermore, we provide new insights into the structure of the legs and the proboscis of Palaeopantopus maucheri, the first description of the body of Flagellopantopus blocki and describe a new specimen of Pentapantopus vogteli, demonstrating that it had eight legs, in contrast to previous interpretations. We argue that, contrary to previous suggestions, Palaeothea devonica probably had a different body plan from extant pantopods. We discuss the ecological traits of the Hunsrück pycnogonids based on their morphological adaptations, and conclude that there is no compelling evidence of Pantopoda in the Devonian. Through comparative interpretation of the legs as well as general morphology, we can divide the Hunsrück pycnogonids into two morphological groups, while Pantopoda constitutes a third morphological group.

Dataset Information

Laser Microdrilling of Slate Tiles.

Publications

Laser Microdrilling of Slate Tiles.

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