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Neighborhood affluence is not associated with positive and negative valence processing in adults with mood and anxiety disorders: A Bayesian inference approach.

ABSTRACT: Survey-based studies show that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with community reported mental health problems. However, fewer studies have examined whether neighborhood characteristics have measurable impact on mental health status of individuals in general and whether neighborhood characteristics impact positive/negative valence processing at both behavioral and brain levels. This study addressed these questions by investigating effects of census-based neighborhood affluence on self-reported symptoms, brain functions, and structures associated with positive/negative valence processing in a sample of individuals with mood and anxiety disorders (n = 262). Employing a Bayesian inference approach, our investigation demonstrates that neighborhood affluence fails to be associated with positive/negative valence processing measured across multiple modalities, with the only effects of neighborhood affluence identified in trait anxiety scores. These findings highlight that while community-based relationships between neighborhood characteristics and mental health problems are strong, it is much less clear that these characteristics have a measurable impact on the individual.

SUBMITTER: Feng C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6416773 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neighborhood affluence is not associated with positive and negative valence processing in adults with mood and anxiety disorders: A Bayesian inference approach.

Feng Chunliang C Forthman Katherine L KL Kuplicki Rayus R Yeh Hung-Wen HW Stewart Jennifer L JL Paulus Martin P MP

NeuroImage. Clinical 20190301

Survey-based studies show that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with community reported mental health problems. However, fewer studies have examined whether neighborhood characteristics have measurable impact on mental health status of individuals in general and whether neighborhood characteristics impact positive/negative valence processing at both behavioral and brain levels. This study addressed these questions by investigating effects of census-based neighborhood affluence on self-rep ...[more]

PMID: 30870735

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Project description:BackgroundMood and anxiety disorders are highly heterogeneous and their underlying pathology is complex. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach seeks to establish dimensionally and neuroscience-based descriptions of psychopathology that may inform better classification and treatment approaches. The current investigation sought to determine the latent variables underlying positive and negative valence processing in terms of symptoms and behavioral units of analysis.MethodAs part of an ongoing study, individuals with mood and anxiety problems were recruited largely from primary care clinics at UCLA (n=62) and UCSD (n=58). These participants underwent a comprehensive symptomatic and behavioral assessment. An implicit approach avoidance task and a modified dot probe detection task were used to measure positive and negative valence processing.ResultsPrincipal components analysis with varimax rotation identified four symptom components, three behavioral components for the dot probe task, and two behavioral components for the implicit approach avoidance task. These components yielded two meta-components consisting of: negative valence symptoms, negative approach bias, and high sustained, selective attention; and positive valence symptoms, positive approach bias, and slow selective or sustained attention. The components did not differ between males and females, nor by age or medication status.LimitationsThe limitations are: (1) relatively small sample, (2) exploratory analysis strategy, (3) no test/re-test data, (4) no neural circuit analysis, and (5) limited reliability of behavioral data.ConclusionsThese preliminary data show that positive and negative valence processing domains load on independent dimensions. Taken together, multi-level assessment approaches combined with advanced statistical analyses may help to identify distinct positive and negative valence processes within a clinical population that cut across traditional diagnostic categories.

Project description:IntroductionWhile a growing body of research is adopting Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-related methods and constructs, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews on the state of published research on Positive Valence Systems (PVS) and Negative Valence Systems (NVS) in mood and anxiety disorders consistent with the RDoC framework.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications covering research on "positive valence" and "negative valence" as well as "valence," "affect," and "emotion" for individuals with symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. Data was extracted with a focus on disorder, domain, (sub-) constructs, units of analysis, key results, and study design. Findings are presented along four sections, distinguishing between primary articles and reviews each for PVS, NVS, and cross-domain PVS and NVS.ResultsA total of 231 abstracts were identified, and 43 met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Seventeen publications addressed research on PVS, seventeen on NVS, and nine covered cross-domain research on PVS and NVS. Psychological constructs were typically examined across different units of analysis, with the majority of publications incorporating two or more measures. Molecular, genetic, and physiological aspects were mainly investigated via review articles, primary articles focused on self-report, behavioral, and, to a lesser extent, physiological measures.ConclusionsThis present scoping review shows that mood and anxiety disorders were actively studied using a range of genetic, molecular, neuronal, physiological, behavioral, and self-report measures within the RDoC PVS and NVS. Results highlight the essential role of specific cortical frontal brain structures and of subcortical limbic structures in impaired emotional processing in mood and anxiety disorders. Findings also indicate overall limited research on NVS in bipolar disorders and PVS in anxiety disorders, a majority of self-report studies, and predominantly observational studies. Future research is needed to develop more RDoC-consistent advancements and intervention studies targeting neuroscience-driven PVS and NVS constructs.

Project description:ImportanceChildren with strabismus have poorer functional vision and decreased quality of life than those without strabismus.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between strabismus and mental illness among children.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal deidentified commercial insurance claims database, from 12 005 189 patients enrolled in the health plan between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017. Eligibility criteria included age younger than 19 years at the time of strabismus diagnosis, enrollment in the health plan between 2007 and 2018, and having at least 1 strabismus claim based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Controls were children in the same database with no eye disease codes other than refractive error reported. Demographic characteristics and mental illness claims were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 1, 2018, to July 31, 2021.Main outcomes and measuresPresence of mental illness claims.ResultsAmong the 12 005 189 patients (6 095 523 boys [50.8%]; mean [SD] age, 8.0 [5.9] years) in the study, adjusted odds ratios for the association of mental illnesses with strabismus were 2.01 (95% CI, 1.99-2.04) for anxiety disorder, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.76-1.90) for schizophrenia, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.59-1.70) for bipolar disorder, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.59-1.63) for depressive disorder, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-1.02) for substance use disorder. There was a moderate association between each strabismus type (esotropia, exotropia, and hypertropia) and anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive disorder; odds ratios ranged from 1.23 (95% CI, 1.17-1.29) for the association between esotropia and bipolar disorder to 2.70 (95% CI, 2.66-2.74) for the association between exotropia and anxiety disorder.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study suggests that there was a moderate association between strabismus and anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive disorder but not substance use disorder. Recognizing that these associations exist should encourage mental illness screening and treatment for patients with strabismus.

Dataset Information

Neighborhood affluence is not associated with positive and negative valence processing in adults with mood and anxiety disorders: A Bayesian inference approach.

Publications

Neighborhood affluence is not associated with positive and negative valence processing in adults with mood and anxiety disorders: A Bayesian inference approach.

Similar Datasets

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