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Molecular evidence supports a genic capture resolution of the lek paradox.

ABSTRACT: The genic capture hypothesis, where sexually selected traits capture genetic variation in condition and the condition reflects genome-wide mutation load, stands to explain the presence of abundant genetic variation underlying sexually selected traits. Here we test this hypothesis by applying bidirectional selection to male mating success for 14 generations in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We then resequenced the genomes of flies from each population. Consistent with the central predictions of the genic capture hypothesis, we show that genetic variance decreased with success selection and increased with failure selection, providing evidence for purifying sexual selection. This pattern was distributed across the genome and no consistent molecular pathways were associated with divergence, consistent with condition being the target of selection. Together, our results provide molecular evidence suggesting that strong sexual selection erodes genetic variation, and that genome-wide mutation-selection balance contributes to its maintenance.

SUBMITTER: Dugand RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6433924 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular evidence supports a genic capture resolution of the lek paradox.

Dugand Robert J RJ Tomkins Joseph L JL Kennington W Jason WJ

Nature communications 20190325 1

The genic capture hypothesis, where sexually selected traits capture genetic variation in condition and the condition reflects genome-wide mutation load, stands to explain the presence of abundant genetic variation underlying sexually selected traits. Here we test this hypothesis by applying bidirectional selection to male mating success for 14 generations in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We then resequenced the genomes of flies from each population. Consistent with the centr ...[more]

PMID: 30911052

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Project description:BackgroundVisceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by a protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani that is transmitted to humans by an infected female sandfly, Phlebotomus argentipes. VL is common in the Indian sub-continent including Nepal and efforts for its elimination are ongoing. However, expansion of disease towards the higher altitude areas, previously considered as VL free in Nepal, may impact the ability to achieve the elimination target by 2020.MethodsThis was an exploratory study, where VL suspected patients living exclusively in the non-program districts of Nepal and presenting with fever > 2 weeks and splenomegaly was included. The patients' blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted. DNA was subjected to PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing. Additionally, past 10 years data of VL cases from the national databases were analysed to see the trends of the disease in program and non program districts.ResultsAnalysis of the past 10 years data revealed that trend of VL cases significantly decreased in the program districts (p = 0.001) while it increased in the non-program districts (p = 0.002). The national trend for overall incidence of VL also significantly decreased over this time period. Limited number of patients' samples (n = 14) were subjected to molecular investigation, and four patients were found to be positive for Leishmania species by PCR. Interestingly, these cases in non-program districts were indeed also L. donovoni complex. All four patients were male with age ranges from 10 to 68 years. GenBank BLAST of the obtained DNA sequences confirmed identified specimens as L. donovani complex. We identified additional VL cases from non-program districts (including the high lands) of Nepal, indicating that the infection could be an emerging threat for the non-program areas of Nepal.ConclusionThe demonstration of VL cases in areas initially considered non-endemic has raised concern about on-going transmission in those regions and may trigger subsequent government plan and action to include those areas in the elimination program. Thus, the government should consider revising the disease control programs to accommodate non-program districts for achieving the VL elimination goal set for 2020.

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Molecular evidence supports a genic capture resolution of the lek paradox.

Publications

Molecular evidence supports a genic capture resolution of the lek paradox.

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