Pancreatic β-cells detoxify H₂O₂ through the peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin antioxidant system.

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress is thought to promote pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and contribute to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are mediators of oxidative stress that arise largely from electron leakage during oxidative phosphorylation. Reports that β-cells express low levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and GSH peroxidases, have supported a model in which β-cells are ill-equipped to detoxify ROS. This hypothesis seems at odds with the essential role of β-cells in the control of metabolic homeostasis and organismal survival through exquisite coupling of oxidative phosphorylation, a prominent ROS-producing pathway, to insulin secretion. Using glucose oxidase to deliver H₂O₂ continuously over

SUBMITTER: Stancill JS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6442057 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature