Second-line treatment options in hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: For many years, sorafenib has been the only approved systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For over a decade, randomized controlled trials exploring the efficacy of new drugs both in first- and second-line treatment have failed to prove any survival benefit. However, in the past few years, several advances have been made especially in pretreated patients; phase III trials of regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab in patients with elevated α-fetoprotein have demonstrated efficacy in patients progressing after or intolerant to sorafenib. In addition, early phase I and II trials have shown promising results of immunotherapy alone or in combination with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies in the same setting of patients. In this review, we will dis

SUBMITTER: Marino D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6469745 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature