The 6 September 2017 X-Class Solar Flares and Their Impacts on the Ionosphere, GNSS, and HF Radio Wave Propagation.

ABSTRACT: On 6 September 2017, the Sun emitted two significant solar flares (SFs). The first SF, classified X2.2, peaked at 09:10 UT. The second one, X9.3, which is the most intensive SF in the current solar cycle, peaked at 12:02 UT and was accompanied by solar radio emission. In this work, we study ionospheric response to the two X-class SFs and their impact on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and high-frequency (HF) propagation. In the ionospheric absolute vertical total electron content (TEC), the X2.2 SF caused an overall increase of 2-4 TECU on the dayside. The X9.3 SF produced a sudden increase of ~8-10 TECU at midlatitudes and of ~15-16 TECU enhancement at low latitudes. These vertical TEC enhancements lasted longer than the duration of the EUV emission. In TEC variations within 2-20 

SUBMITTER: Yasyukevich Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6473633 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature